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Author: search.filters.author.Charoenphonphanich, ChindaSubject: search.filters.subject.Soot

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    Effect of Metallic Microfiber Flow Through Diesel Particulate Filter System on Diesel Engine’s Particle Emission Physicochemical Characteristics
    (2023-03-01)
    Oh, Ban seok
    ;
    Thaeviriyakul, Poonnut
    ;
    Phairote, Watanyoo
    ;
    Srilomsak, Mek
    ;
    Charoenphonphanich, Chinda
    It is well known that particulate matter (PM) from diesel compression ignition engines is harmful to the environment and to human health. To reduce engine PM emissions, exhaust after-treatment systems are utilized. A basic high-performance system can be composed of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF). This study used a system composed of a DOC and a partial flow DPF. Partial flow refers to how only a portion of the exhaust gas is filtered using metal fibrous filters instead of the full flow using ceramic filters. The PM deposited on the side wall of the stages of the system was investigated with respect to elemental composition, morphology, and nanostructure. This was to determine the effect of each component on the PM. The elemental composition analysis found traces of the engine lubricant oil in the PM collected before entering the DOC. This was then eliminated by the DOC and the remaining PM was not significantly impacted by the exhaust after-treatment system. The morphology and nanostructure show an interesting relationship where the size of the single primary particles increased while the graphitic nature of the carbon in the PM seemed to decrease. This can be explained by the simultaneous nature of partial trapping and partial oxidation that occurs in the partial-flow DPF. The emission measurements of opacity, temperature, CO<inf>2</inf>, NO, and O<inf>2</inf> from each position also support this.
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    Physicochemical characterization of direct injection Engines's soot using TEM, EDS, X-ray diffraction and TGA
    (2021-06-01)
    Oo, Hay Mon
    ;
    Karin, Preechar
    ;
    Charoenphonphanich, Chinda
    ;
    Chollacoop, Nuwong
    ;
    Hanamura, Katsunori
    The physical characteristics and elemental composition of particulate matters (PMs) from gasoline direct injection spark ignition (GDI-SI) engines were successfully investigated using transmission electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to analyze the PMs oxidation. The morphology of agglomerated GDI-PMs is not significantly different from the diesel direct injection compression ignition (DDI-CI) engine's PMs. The spherical single primary nanoparticles of the engine's soot composed of curve line carbon crystallites. The average diameter size of the single primary nanoparticles of GDI, DDI, and carbon black are approximately 24 nm, 26 nm, and 31 nm, while the inter-planar spacing is about 0.364 nm, 0.358 nm, and 0.356 nm, respectively. The total fringe lengths of GDI, DDI, and carbon black are approximately 154 nm, 159 nm, and 163 nm measured from the areas of 10 nm × 10 nm inner core regions of primary nanoparticles, and are 180 nm, 195 nm, and 228 nm from the outer shell regions, respectively. The total fringe lengths of inner core are shorter than the outer shell. Besides, the engine's PMs contains both crystalline and amorphous carbon structure using XRD analysis. The GDI-PMs had the least crystalline structure compared to the DDI-PMs and carbon black due to the higher percentage of amorphous fraction. TGA analysis showed that the GDI-PMs oxidation was faster than the DDI-PMs and CB-N330 oxidation because of the primary particle size, the fringe length, and the crystal size which have an impact on oxidation kinetics of particulate matters.
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    Effect of Soot Particle Size on Four Ball Metallic Wear Using Electron Microscopy Image Analysis
    (2020-06-01)
    Karin, Preechar
    ;
    Amornprapa, Warawut
    ;
    Watanawongskorn, Park
    ;
    Saenkhumvong, Eakkawut
    ;
    Charoenphonphanich, Chinda
    The impact of soot primary nanoparticles affecting metal wear was investigated. The commercial Carbon Black (CB) with different primary particle sizes were mixed with the engine oil for simulating soot contamination. The physical properties of carbon black including density and hardness were calculated using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image analysis. The metallic wear test was evaluated by using a Four-ball wear tester. After the tests, the ball surfaces were inspected by utilizing High-Resolution Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Based on a Four-ball wear test, the 1 % by weight of carbon black contamination shows a bit higher average wear scar diameter (WSD), but the surface roughness is reduced. SEM micrograph of metallic wear scar for the engine oil without soot shows the area of grooves, plastic deformation and subsurface crack. On the other hand, when carbon black is added to the oil, it can be seen that there are many deep grooves along with the sliding direction. The relationship of calculated oil film thickness, primary nanoparticle size distribution, carbon atom density of soot and hardness is clearly explained metallic wear mechanisms.