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Overview of biorefinery
(2022-01-01)
Thongchul, Nuttha
;
Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
;
Anantpinijwatna, Amata
;
Gani, Rafiqul
;
Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
A strong reliance on fossil resources gives rise to a depletion of nonrenewable resources and negative or harmful environmental impacts. Circumvention of this energy-environment nexus has been proposed through the application of the concept of biorefinery. In this concept, biomass, an alternative renewable feedstock containing C-rich chemicals, is utilized as a replacement of the fossil-based feedstock to produce bioenergy and bio-based chemicals. Originally, biorefinery was perceived as a platform of biomass processing, which would produce primarily fuels and chemicals. To date, biorefinery harnesses a variety of sustainable and synergetic technologies that converts biomass into a wide range of profitable products such as food-and-feed for the future, biopharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. Due to variability of feedstock and newly emerged technologies, classifications of biorefinery are diverse and depend on the basis (e.g., source of a biomass, the generation of a feedstock, etc.) taken in consideration. A comprehensive view of biorefinery requires the consideration of processing of biomass from different origins via diversified technology platforms. Since the concept of biorefinery also concerns social aspects and location-specific technologies, various aspects of stakeholders including academia, industry, economy, and society need also to be considered. Collaboration among the various actors is facilitated if necessary key information is easily accessible. Therefore, an overview of biorefinery should cover key information related to biorefinery, such as nature of biomass, current situation, available technologies, process design methods, associated tools, and analyses of processing routes along with case studies. In this chapter, the indices representing the key information related to biorefinery are arranged alphabetically and tabulated to enhance a good understanding of the concept of biorefinery.
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Perspectives, challenges and future directions
(2022-01-01)
Thongchul, Nuttha
;
Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
;
Anantpinijwatna, Amata
;
Gani, Rafiqul
;
Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
As discussed extensively in this book, biorefinery is perceived as a promising platform for the sustainable conversion of biomass into a variety of value-added products. As a result of attempts to replace a nonrenewable feedstock with renewable biomass, the technological advances in biorefineries have been immense in recent years. However, the commercialization of biorefineries currently face challenges from various directions, such as the availability of feedstock, the competitiveness of bio-based products, the processing technologies and unit operations, as well as methods and associated computer-aided tools for the synthesis and design of biorefinery processes. To facilitate readers’ insight, crucial elements are summarized in this chapter for each issue in terms of the current situation, the challenges, and the anticipated future developments.
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Complete design case study for pulp and paper industry
(2022-01-01)
Anantpinijwatna, Amata
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Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
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Mongkhonsiri, Ghochapon
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Gani, Rafiqul
;
Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
Pulp and paper industry is a traditional biorefinery system that produces low margin paper products at low innovation development. It needs business transformation to enhance profitability along with efficient material and energy consumption through process development of high-value bioproducts. In response to climate change concerns and declining petroleum resources, the concept of biorefinery has developed using biochemical and thermochemical technologies. To develop biorefinery together with the conventional pulp and paper industry, integrated biorefinery in the existing pulp mill has been designed as a long-term sustainable solution. A systematic framework is needed to synthesize and design promising integrated systems from numerous alternatives. A three-level methodology, involving Level-1 Base Case Design, Level-2 Optimization and Analysis, and Level-3 Innovation, is proposed as an effective approach to determine optimal technologies suitable for the transformation of the traditional system through superstructure optimization, process analysis, and process improvement in terms of economic and environmental issues. To achieve a sustainable development of the integrated biorefinery system, innovative alternatives are discovered to satisfy improvement targets. Computer-aided tools are employed to support systematic data collection, mathematical model formulation, and complicated problem solving. Case studies of synthesis, design and innovation tasks illustrating the application of the framework to obtain promising integrated pulp mill-biorefinery alternatives are presented.
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Techno-economic analysis of co-production of bio-hydrogenated diesel from palm oil and methanol
(2021-09-15)
Phichitsurathaworn, Nitipat
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Simasatitkul, Lida
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Amornraksa, Suksun
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Anantpinijwatna, Amata
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Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
A bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD) or green diesel is produced from refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) via a heterogeneous catalytic reaction which requires high hydrogen to oil volumetric ratio for a complete conversion of oil. In this regard, a hydrogen recovery process is required to reduce a high amount of hydrogen loss in a gas by-product. This work proposes coupling the conventional BHD process with a production of methanol, a valuable co-product, and performs its techno-economic evaluation in comparison with the stand-alone BHD process. The results showed that the BHD process coupled with the methanol synthesis can recover by 46.3% of discharged hydrogen and reduce 14% of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions from the production process. Furthermore, methanol synthesis could improve the internal rate of return (IRR) by 23.2%, shorten the payback period by 2.81 years, and increase the net present value (NPV) by 54.41 million USD relative to the BHD process. Finally, environment potential impact of both processes are analyzed. The most significant on the environment is hydro-processing stage and both processes provide same environmental results.
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Novel biorefinery-Integrated-Kraft-pulping network for sustainable development
(2021-06-01)
Mongkhonsiri, Ghochapon
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Anantpinijwatna, Amata
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Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
;
Gani, Rafiqul
Integration of the biorefinery concept to the existing Kraft-pulping process is undertaken to achieve a more sustainable development. This paper aims at developing a novel biorefinery-integrated-Kraft-pulping network with improved profitability, energy self-sufficiency and minimum CO<inf>2</inf> emission by employing technologies consisting of biofuel and biochemical productions, biomass gasification together with CO<inf>2</inf> capture and utilization. Three scenarios, including (I) the production of gasification-based dimethyl ether (DME); (II) the co-production of DME and succinic acid; and (III) the co-production of DME and succinic acid coupled with the CO<inf>2</inf> utilization, have been investigated. Among all scenarios, Scenario II exhibits the best economic performances as highlighted by the 74% increase of profit compared to the conventional process. Scenario III achieves the highest energy efficiency at 39% and an improved environmental performance due to the 65% reduction of CO<inf>2</inf> emission compared to the conventional process with only 0.7% profit reduction. Comparing to the biorefinery-integrated-Soda-pulping networks proposed by the previous work, the biorefinery-integrated-Kraft-pulping networks show higher performance on both economic and environmental improvements. Thereby confirming that the integration of the biorefinery network can improve the sustainability and enhance the economic benefit of the Kraft-pulping process beyond the conventional process.
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Development of sustainable integrated biorefinery networks in pulp and paper industries
(2021-01-01)
Mongkhonsiri, Ghochapon
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Anantpinijwatna, Amata
;
Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
;
Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
;
Gani, Rafiqul
With the objective to obtain more sustainable production processes, the biorefinery network is integrated with traditional pulp and paper industries. A systematic framework with computer-aided tools consisting of synthesis, design and innovation stages has been applied to determine the biorefinery-integrated pulping process. An integrated network of succinic acid production and black liquor gasification for dimethyl ether (DME) production linked to an existing Soda pulping process is identified as the best option for increased profit, which also reduces pollutant emissions through integration of innovative CO<inf>2</inf> capture and utilization (CCU) steps to form the biorefinery-integrated-Soda-pulping network (BIS). This paper aims at also designing a sustainable biorefinery-integrated-Kraft-pulping network (BIK). Three integration scenarios are considered for further study: (I) the production of gasification-based dimethyl ether (DME); (II) the coproduction of DME and succinic acid (SA); and (III) the co-production of DME and SA coupled with CCU. The best scenario is found to be Scenario II, which exhibits the best economic performance with 74% increase in profit compared to the conventional process. Scenario III achieves the highest energy efficiency at 39% and improved environmental performance, a 65% reduction of CO<inf>2</inf> emission compared to the conventional process, with only 0.7% profit reduction. The BIK option shows improved performance in terms of economic and environmental improvements compared to the BIS network, confirming that the integrated biorefinery network can transform the conventional Kraft pulping process to a more sustainable process with increased profit.
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Process development of sustainable biorefinery system integrated into the existing pulping process
(2020-05-10)
Mongkhonsiri, Ghochapon
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Charoensuppanimit, Pongtorn
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Anantpinijwatna, Amata
;
Gani, Rafiqul
;
Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
The change of paper consumption trend may jeopardize the future of pulp and paper industry. This work aims to design and develop the integrated network of biochemical and biofuel productions into existing pulp mills for sustainable purposes. The systematic methodology aided by computation tools is undertaken using the three-stage approach including process synthesis, design and innovation. Previously, the optimal technologies of the biorefinery-integrated pulping processes were successfully determined in the synthesis stage providing the highest cost-effective incorporation; 48 million USD/year of profit was estimated according to the integration of succinic acid and dimethyl ether productions into the soda pulping process. Herein, the process designs of the integrated processes were performed followed by evaluations of the process performances and identifications of the hot spots and targets for establishments of the innovations. In this work, the biomass gasification option is designed and implemented to enhance the material and energy utilizations in the previously determined biorefinery-integrated pulping processes. Electricity and biofuel are produced and sold, which contributes positively to the economic and environmental impacts of these processes. The hot spots and targets are subsequently identified prior to the innovation stage. According to this stage, the cleaner alternatives that implements the CO<inf>2</inf> utilization via methanol synthesis and solar cell installations are selected in order to minimize the CO<inf>2</inf> emission. A net CO<inf>2</inf> reduction of 42% is achieved when the cleaner alternatives are applied. Accordingly, these biorefinery-integrated innovations are not only conducive to the enhanced sustainability of existing pulp mills but also adaptive in response to the change of paper consumption trend.

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