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Author: search.filters.author.Charoenying, P.Has files: No

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    Effects of natural herbicide from tagetes erecta on echinochloa crus-galli (L.) beauv
    (2018-01-01)
    Wichittrakarn, P.
    ;
    Teerarak, M.
    ;
    Charoenying, P.
    ;
    Laosinwattana, C.
    We studied the inhibitory effects of leaves extracts of Tagetes erecta on weed-seed germination and the mechanisms involved. Hydroethanolic crude extract (OR) from Tagetes erecta dried leaves was partitioned into four fractions: hydrolyzed (HY), aqueous (AQ), neutral (NE) and acidic (AE). The inhibitory effects of crude extracts and its fractions were evaluated on germination and seedlings growth of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of each fraction were also determined. Germination and seedling growth were drastically inhibited by HY and AE followed by NE, OR and AQ. The HY and AE fractions had higher concentrations of both phenolics and flavonoids than other fractions. The HY fraction was selected as most potent for development as natural herbicide due to its high yield and strong inhibitory effects. The HY fraction was formulated into a soluble concentrate product (SCT) and its inhibition potential and modes of action were investigated. The SCT drastically inhibited the seed germination of E. crus-galli, inhibiting both imbibition, α-amylase activity and also seedling growth. Cytogenetic bioassays of SCT on root-tip cells of Allium cepa L. showed that it inhibited the mitosis and thereby the cell division. It is likely that a natural herbicide may be developed from the hydrolyzed fraction of a hydroethanolic extract of Mexican marigold leaves.
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    Effects of Spirulina platensis and C-phycocyanin on seed germination and seedling growth of two monocot and dicot plants
    (2010-01-01)
    Charoenying, P.
    ;
    Chotsaeng, P.
    ;
    Laosinwattana, C.
    In laboratory bioassay the allelopathic effects of Spirulina platensis (nordst) Geitl. were investigated on Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.), Chinese mustard (Brassica campestris var. chinensis), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli [L.] Beauv.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). The seeds were germinated in Petri dishes with aqueous extract (0.625-5% concentrations) and crude organic extract (250-4000 ppm concentrations) distilled water used as control. All aqueous extracts influenced the seed germination and seedling growth of dicotyledons (A. tricolor and B. campestris). The aqueous extract of 1.25% and 2.50% concentration completely inhibited the germination in dicots. In monocots (barnyardgrass and rice), the aqueous extract of 2.50% concentration inhibited the root length, while the 5% concentration completely inhibited their germination and seedling shoot length. The UV-VIS spectra indicated that the aqueous extract contained C-phycocyanin (C-PC), with a purity ratio (A <inf>620</inf>/A<inf>280</inf>) of 1.17. The allelopathic activity of biologically active protein pigment, C-PC, was assayed on seed germination and seedling growth at 62.50-1000 ppm concentrations. At 1000 ppm, this compound was most inhibitory to shoot and root length of A. tricolor and B. campestris, but there was no effect on germination. The crude ethyl acetate extract was most inhibitory to dicots, but all three crude organic extracts were not inhibitory to monocots.
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    Allelopathic potential of Chinese rice flower (aglaia odorata Lour.) as organic herbicide
    (2009-01-01)
    Laosinwattana, C.
    ;
    Poonpaiboonpipat, T.
    ;
    Teerarak, M.
    ;
    Phuwiwat, W.
    ;
    Mongkolaussavaratana, T.
    The aqueous extracts of leaf and branches of Aglaia odorata inhibited the germination and seedling growth of bamyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) and wild pea (Phaseolus lathyroides L.) over the control. Besides its dry leaf powder (31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/plate) was more inhibitory to these parameters than aqueous extract. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of dried leaf pellets of Chinese rice flower were more stronger than dried leaf powders at equal rates. The pellets applied at 0.5 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> dose as soil surface mulch inhibited the seedlings emrgence of banyardgrass and wild pea by 67% and 2%, respectively. Thus the Chinese rice flower pellets has the potential to act as organic herbicide for control of bamyardgrass weed.
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    Assessment of allelopathic potential of Vetivergrass (Vetiveria spp.) ecotypes
    (2007-01-01)
    Laosinwattana, C.
    ;
    Phuwiwat, W.
    ;
    Charoenying, P.
    We selected and examined 10 ecotypes of vetivergrass for their allelopathic effects. The allelopatbhic effects of aqueous extracts of each ecotype leaf, rhizome and root plant parts were determined on germination of radish (Raphanus sativas L.). All studied ecotypes inhibited the radish germination and magnitude of their inhibitory effects were ecotypes dependent and varied among plant parts. Nakhon Sawan ecotype was most inhibitory to radish seed germination. Leaves caused strongest inhibition, followed by rhizomes and roots. In another bioassay, the aqueous extracts (concentration of 100 mg/ml) from leaves of Nakhon Sawan ecotype were applied at germination of 15 bioassay plants. Radish, Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) and Chinese kale (Brasica oleracea var. alboglabra) were the most sensitive to the extract. Besides, a pot experiment showed that Nakhon Sawan leaf residues used as mulch on the soil surface or incorporated into soil reduced the germination and biomass of radish. To isolate inhibitory allelochemicals, methanol extract of Nakhon Sawan ecotype leaf was partitioned into ethyl acetate soluble acidic, neutral and aqueous fractions. The inhibition activities of three fractions were compared with the original extract. The results showed that inhibitory effects increased after solvent partitioning. The original extracts caused 22% inhibition in germination of radish seed at 4,000 ppm, while, ethyl acetate soluble acidic fraction at 4,000 ppm completely inhibited the seed germination. © International Allelopathy Foundation 2007.