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Author: search.filters.author.Cheevitsopon, EkkapongSubject: search.filters.subject.Quercetin

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    Drying kinetics and quality of cissus quadrangularis linn. Dried by convective hot air
    (2020-09-01)
    Thanimkarn, Setthawat
    ;
    Cheevitsopon, Ekkapong
    ;
    Jongyingcharoen, Jiraporn Sripinyowanich
    This research aimed to determine a suitable drying model of convective hot air drying of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (CQ), determine the effective moisture diffusivity of the drying process and the activation energy of CQ, and investigate the effects of drying temperatures on energy consumption and quality of dried CQ. Experiments were performed at 40°C, 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C drying temperature and 1 m s<sup>-1</sup> air velocity to dry CQ from 10 g water/g dry matter to 0.1 g water/g dry matter. The generalized linear-plus-exponential-type model has been used to fit the drying kinetics of CQ and demonstrates, among others, the moisture data of hot air drying of CQ at the validation temperature of 50°C satisfactorily with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9977. The effective moisture diffusivity was in the range of 0.7302-9.1281 ×10<sup>-9</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, a positive relationship was observed between this parameter and drying temperature. The activation energy of CQ was 39.78 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>. The lowest energy consumption of 3.40 kWh was required when the highest drying temperature of 100°C was applied. The quality was well preserved when CQ was dried at a lower drying temperature. Drying at 60°C produced dried CQ with the lowest total color difference (16.76), shrinkage percentage (88.47%), and bulk density (0.1817 g cm<sup>-3</sup>) as well as the highest total phenolic (1062 mg GAE/100 g dry matter) and quercetin contents (0.955 mg/100 g dry matter).
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    Effects of vibration, vacuum, and material thickness on infrared drying of Cissus quadrangularis Linn.
    (2019-06-01)
    Thanimkarn, Setthawat
    ;
    Cheevitsopon, Ekkapong
    ;
    Jongyingcharoen, Jiraporn Sripinyowanich
    Infrared (IR), vibratory bed assisted infrared (VIR), vacuum infrared (VC-IR), and vibratory bed assisted vacuum infrared (VC-VIR) drying of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (CQ) were conducted. The objective was to investigate the effects of vibration, vacuum, and material thickness on IR drying of CQ. VC-VIR drying of 5-mm CQ provided the highest maximum drying rate (DR) of 0.258 g water/g dry matter·min. Although the vacuum operation contributed to improved effective moisture diffusivity (D<inf>eff</inf>), it consumed high energy and degraded active compounds of CQ. VIR drying could be a more promising technique. VIR drying of 15-mm CQ produced the greatest total phenolic content (TPC) and quercetin content of 1083.62 mg GAE/100 g dry matter and 3.472 mg/100 g dry matter, respectively. The lowest total color difference (ΔE) of 13.69 was also obtained. It required low specific energy consumption (SEC) of 17.62 kWh/kg and provided maximum DR of 0.112 g water/g dry matter·min.