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Physiological and metabolic modifications in response to nanocarbon in callus of Indica rice cultivar
(2020-01-01)
Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
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Chutipaijit, Sutee
Nanocarbon has been shown to be implicated in the response of plants to an assortment of positive or negative impacts. In the present research, the effects of nanocarbon on cell growth and secondary metabolite production on rice callus were studied. Different concentrations of nanocarbon (0-1000 mgl−1) were added into callus induction media to investigate the effects on the growth of callus, and secondary metabolite production in indica rice callus (Oryza sativa L. cv. Pathumthani1). The growth of callus was measured in terms of the size and weight of callus, and secondary metabolite production was determined based on the levels of total phenolic compounds and flavonoid production. The results showed that the callus induction, the callus growth and the secondary metabolite production in rice callus after treatment with nanocarbon were significantly different when compared to control (without treatment with nanocarbon). The rice callus treated with low (100 and 200 mgl-1) and moderate (400 and 600 mgl-1) level of nanocarbon displayed an enhancement in callus growth, total phenolic compounds and flavonoid production. However, the induction of callus, cell growth, and secondary metabolite production were decreased when rice callus was treated with high concentrations of nanocarbon (800 and 1000 mgl-1). The results of this research showed that the nanocarbon application of 400-600 mgl-1 had potential to induce the cell growth and secondary metabolite production. This research suggests further investigation in using different concentrations of nanocarbon on other plant species for potential pharmaceutical application.
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Improvement of Plant Regeneration Frequency from Carbon Sources in Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(2018-09-01)
Chutipaijit, Sutee
;
Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
The objective of this research is to investigate carbon sources for optimum callus induction and plant regeneration frequencies. The effect of carbon sources on callus induction and plant regeneration from mature seeds of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) was studied in this experiment. For callus induction, the different types of carbon sources along with 30 g L−1 of sucrose or maltose were evaluated. NSI and NMI medium were used for callus induction in three replicates (sucrose and maltose as carbon sources, respectively). The calli derived from NMI medium showed the higher percentage of callus induction, fresh weight, dry weights, callus size, green spots and regeneration frequency than calli derived from NSI medium. For plant regeneration, the 3-week-old calli were transferred to the regeneration medium which was different in carbon sources (NSR, NMR, NSMR0.5, NMMR0.5, NSMR1, NMMR1, NSMR1.5, NMMR1.5, NSMR2, NMMR2, NSMR2.5 and NMMR2.5 medium) and tested to investigate the effect of carbon sources in three replicates. The percentage of regeneration (60.71%) and the ratio of the number of seedlings to the number of regenerated calli (3.02) obtained from NMR medium showed the highest values. The percentage of callus induction and morphological performance (weight and size) were correlated with plant regeneration frequency. The results showed that using maltose as a carbon source gave a better result than using sucrose as a carbon source for callus induction and plant regeneration in aromatic rice cultivar KDML105. The regenerated plants were successfully rooted and well grown in greenhouse conditions.
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Comparative study of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant capacities in pigmented and non-pigmented rice of indica rice varieties
(2018-06-01)
Chutipaijit, Sutee
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Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
The total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents of grains as well as the antioxidant capacities were determined in 15 rice varieties. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was modified for the determination of the flavonoid subgroups in rice grains. The results showed the total phenolic compounds, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant capacities of pigmented rice were higher than in non-pigmented rice. The amounts of flavanone groups ranging from 0.04 to 0.40 mg Naringenin g−1, while flavones groups ranging from 0.08 to 0.57 mg Apigenin g−1, flavonol groups ranging from 0.16 to 1.20 mg Quercetin g−1 and anthocyanin groups ranging from 44.43 to 69.83 mg Cyanidin chloride g−1 were found in pigmented rice. The total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid contents of grains were significantly correlated with their antioxidant capacities. The results indicated that pigmented rice appeared as a good source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and had beneficial nutritive values or antioxidant substances.
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Assessment of antioxidant enzymes in response to exogenous titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in Chainat 1 rice cultivar
(2018-01-01)
Samart, Sutichai
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Phakamas, Nittaya
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Chutipaijit, Sutee
Antioxidant enzymes are important to prevent the destruction of photosynthetic pigments in plant cells. There have been reported that ZnO nanoparticles can promote activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice, but should not use in high activities because it can cause toxicity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO<inf>2</inf>) nanoparticles on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in Chainat 1 rice cultivar. Rice plants were treated with TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles using different concentrations i.e., 0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg.L-1 for every 7 days-interval. Photosynthetic pigment contents (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoid) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase) were recorded at 37, 44 and 51 days after planting. The results showed that the treatment of TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles was not effect on the quantities of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids, but found that the activities of peroxidase and catalase enzymes were significant affected at all growth stages. Especially, at a concentration of 200 mg.L-1 TiO<inf>2</inf> found that rice plants contained the highest activities of peroxidase enzyme and significant difference from control treatment. However, the treatments of higher dose than 200 mg.L-1 TiO<inf>2</inf> would have a chance to meet toxicity in rice plants as the activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased.
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In vitro plant growth promotion by ZnO nanomaterials in indica rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.)
(2018-01-01)
Chutipaijit, Sutee
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Whalley, Anthony J.S.
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Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
This research focuses on zinc oxide nanomaterials (nano-ZnO) applied to agricultural fields. Plants were exposed to nanomaterials and responded differently in tolerance to the various concentrations and types of nanomaterials. Two cultivars (SP1 and SP90) of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were grown at 0-1,000 mg.L-1 nano-ZnO and their morphological and physiological response was determined. Rice seedlings were harvested 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after treatments. Results demonstrated a significant increase in biomass, growth tolerance index (GTI), chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities of the treated plant at 100 mg.L-1 nano-ZnO but these parameters decreased with increasing nano-ZnO concentration in the treated plants at 300-1,000 mg.L-1 nano-ZnO when compared to control plants (0 mg.L-1 nano-ZnO). The high accumulations of biomass, GTI and chlorophyll contents were related to production of antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and peroxidase) in plant cells when plants were exposed to a low dose of nano-ZnO. Further investigations will determine the effect of nano-ZnO on the plant productivity.
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Evaluating the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the physiological responses of nine non-photoperiod sensitive rice cultivars
(2017-01-01)
Samart, Sutichai
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Chutipaijit, Sutee
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Phakamas, Nittaya
The effects of nanopaticles on plant growth and metabolites have been reported in previous studies, but knowledge of the potential impacts of physiological responses is still unclear. Therefore, this study focused on the effect of exposure of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on photosynthetic pigment contents (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids) and the antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and peroxidase) in nine non-photoperiod sensitive rice cultivars consisting of RD41, RD49, Chai Nat 1, Suphan Buri 1, Suphan Buri 2, Suphan Buri 3, Pathum Thani 1, Pathum Thani 80 and Phitsanulok 2. Rice plants were treated with 200 mg L-1 ZnO nanoparticles for every 15 days-interval. Rice plants were collected at 37, 44 and 51 days after planting for the evaluation of ZnO nanoparticles toxicity. The results showed that nine non-photoperiod sensitive rice cultivars treated with ZnO nanoparticle, as determined by the reduction of photosynthetic pigment contents. The activities of antioxidant enzymes protected plant cell when exposed to the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. This study showed that the supplementation of ZnO nanoparticles was no significant difference in photosynthetic pigment contents of rice cultivars. The results indicated that the accumulation of antioxidant enzyme activities could be protecting damage of the photosynthetic pigments in plant cells.
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Application of nanomaterials in plant regeneration of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(2017-01-01)
Chutipaijit, Sutee
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Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
In recent years, the application of nanomaterials has been investigated by various studies, especially in their biological and agricultural features. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO<inf>2</inf>) nanoparticles on the quality of the plant regeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. RD49). Mature seed explants were used for callus induction and plant regeneration cultured on the medium supplemented with different concentrations of ZnO or TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles. The high percentage of the callus induction was achieved on the medium supplemented with 5 mg.L-1 ZnO nanoparticles or 20 mg.L-1 TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles when compared with control treatment (without nanoparticles). Various concentrations of TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles were also found to increase the percentage of the plant regeneration more than ZnO nanoparticles. The highest percentage of plant regeneration was observed on the medium containing the concentration of 20 mg.L-1 TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles. The in vitro rooting of regenerated shoots was hardened and successfully transplanted to the field after 30 days of transplantation. The results suggested that ZnO and TiO<inf>2</inf> nanomaterials may have potential applications in the in vitro plant regeneration.
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Changes in physiological and antioxidant activity of Indica rice seedlings in response to mannitol-induced osmotic stress
(2016-01-01)
Chutipaijit, Sutee
Morphological, physiological, and biochemical plant responses were studied in unstressed and stressed seedlings of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. The effect of NB medium supplemented with a 100 mM mannitol treatment, which induced drought stress conditions, was measured for relative growth rate, cell membrane stability, antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and peroxidase [POD]), and total antioxidant capacity by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis[ 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] diammonium salt) assays. Results of morphological and physiological factors showed two contrasting rice groups, drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant genotypes. After drought stress, the increased rate of SOD activity was lower in drought-tolerant than in drought-sensitive genotypes, but the increased rate of CAT and POD activity and total antioxidant capacity was higher in drought-tolerant than in drought-sensitive genotypes. Increasing changes in activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity indicated more rapid free radical scavenging compared with relative growth and cell membrane stability in drought-tolerant genotypes under shortterm treatment. The trend toward change in CAT and POD antioxidant enzyme activity and total antioxidant capacity of stressed seedlings, as well as the correlation between these changes, and the morphological and physiological responses (0.96 correlation coefficient [R2] between relative growth rate and CAT; 0.93 R2 between relative growth rate and POD enzyme activity; 0.96 R2 between relative growth rate and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values) coincided with the degree of drought tolerance.

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