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Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis modulates IgE-binding and functional behavior of egg white proteins
(2026-08-01)
Chysirichote, Teerin
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Janapiraganit, Sirawitch
The effects of enzymatic hydrolysis (protease, 3.33-16.67 μkat/g protein) on the allergenicity and techno-functionality of egg white proteins were studied. Proteolysis effectively degraded major allergens (ovalbumin, ovomucoid, lysozyme, and ovotransferrin), significantly reducing IgE-binding capacity. Quantitative FTIR revealed a non-linear, hydrolysis-dependent structural transition dictating egg white functionalities. Moderate hydrolysis (3.33-10.00 μkat/g protein) induced initial protein unfolding, increasing Amide I and II intensities by +39.5% and +55.3%, respectively, which enhanced peptide mobility and accelerated interfacial adsorption, resulting in improved foam stability but a gel network with decreased hardness. Conversely, intensive hydrolysis (16.67 μkat/g protein for 10 h) overcame the disulfide-stabilized structural barrier of ovomucoid, triggering a complete conformational collapse, as confirmed by sharp declines in Amide A (−68.1%), Amide I (−20.8%), and Amide II (−8.8%) intensities. Upon thermal induction, these highly mobile, short-chain peptides underwent structural reassociation, leading to a distinct mechanical “hardness rebound" in heat-induced gels, a recovery in apparent viscosity (n ≈ 1), and maximized deactivation of IgE-binding epitopes. Our results identify tailored hydrolysis windows that balance hypoallergenic requirements with targeted foaming and gelling attributes. Consequently, this work provides a strategic framework for designing high-performance, low-allergen egg white ingredients.
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Selective reduction of major egg white allergens (Gal d 1–4) by cold atmospheric plasma: Structural insights and processing optimization
(2026-08-01)
Chysirichote, Teerin
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Aroonsong, Soysruang
This study investigated cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a sustainable non-thermal strategy to reduce the immunoreactivity of major egg white allergens (Gal d 1–4). A face-centered central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize CAP parameters (sample thickness and exposure time), resulting in highly predictive reduced cubic models ( R 2 > 0.97). Optimal conditions (1 mm, 3 min) yielded immunoreactivity reductions of 70%, 68%, 52%, and 6% for Gal d 4, 2, 1, and 3, respectively. The allergenicity mitigation was strongly associated with the accumulation of plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which triggered significant molecular transitions. FTIR analysis confirmed key structural changes, including the oxidation of aromatic side chains and a prominent increase in β-sheet content (+12.6% at 1697 cm−1), indicating oxidative-induced structural reshuffling and epitope masking. While CAP served as a mild microbial hurdle, the optimized process effectively maintained the liquid state of the product. These findings demonstrate that CAP is a precision processing tool, validated by robust statistical and molecular evidence, for tailoring the allergenicity of liquid egg products.
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Dielectric constant-based optimization for sustainable extraction of centellosides from Centella asiatica using bio-based solvents
(2026-08-01)
Pakaweerachat, Pattarabhorn
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Chysirichote, Teerin
This study systematically examined the influence of solvent polarity and extraction temperature on the recovery of four major centellosides: madecassoside (MAD), asiaticoside (ASI), madecassic acid (MDA), and asiatic acid (ASA) from Centella asiatica. Extractions were performed using ethanol-water, acetone-water, ethanol-ethyl acetate, and hexane-ethyl acetate mixtures at 30–70 °C, covering dielectric constants (ε = 2–70) that correspond to the polarity range of the selected solvent systems. Extraction yields (mg g⁻¹) are expressed on a dry-weight basis. Ethanol–water mixtures demonstrated the highest efficiency for polar glycosides, yielding 19.6 ± 0.3 mg g⁻¹ dry matter (mg g⁻¹ DM) for MAD and 17.2 ± 0.3 mg g⁻¹ DM for ASI at 70 °C, with temperature effects mainly attributed to enhanced mass transfer and no significant thermal degradation observed. In contrast, aglycones (MDA and ASA) achieved optimal yields (3.3–6.5 mg g⁻¹) in solvents with lower dielectric constants, where solvent composition predominated over temperature effects. Solvent polarity, expressed in terms of dielectric constant, provided a quantitative indicator linking solvent selection to centelloside recovery and solvent-temperature interactions. Ethanol-water systems are recommended for food and nutraceutical applications, while ethyl acetate-ethanol mixtures are suited for cosmetic formulations. This work establishes a polarity-temperature framework for enhancing extraction using bio-based solvents, contributing to more sustainable production of bioactive-rich extracts from C. asiatica for use in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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pH-driven mechanistic segmentation and enzyme-assisted deconstruction for the selective release of centelloids from Centella asiatica
(2026-05-01)
Chysirichote, Teerin
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Aroonsong, Soysruang
The effect of pre-extraction treatment of Centella asiatica (L.) using different pre-treatment parameters, namely, pH (4.0–6.0) and treatment time (15–105 min), in combination with enzymatic pretreatment, on centelloid extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction was investigated. It was observed that the pre-extraction treatment of plant samples at all tested pH values in combination with enzymatic deconstruction led to distinct synergistic effects. Liberation of centelloids was found to occur mainly at two different pretreatment regimes, namely, Phase I (Proton-induced pectin relaxation and rapid glycoside liberation), which led to maximum glycoside yield at pH 4.0 within 15 min (18.20 ± 0.15 mg/g madecassoside and 8.51 ± 0.15 mg/g asiaticoside), and Phase II (Enzyme-mediated collapse and aglycone re-adsorption), in which, at pH 5.0–6.0, the role of enzymatic contribution in enhancing the extraction of aglycones was found to be negligible. Optimum yields and quality of centelloid aglycones were achieved at pH 6.0, where maximal yields were obtained at 60 min and declined thereafter. The observed decline in centelloid aglycone yields at prolonged treatment time could be attributed to the extensive enzymatic fragmentation and subsequent collapse of the disrupted plant matrix, leading to non-specific re-adsorption of the bioactive triterpenes. This study provides a sustainable and cost-effective framework for optimizing extract composition through precise pH and temporal control, offering an efficient methodology for the green separation of bioactive centelloids.
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Upcycling lignosulfonate into bio-based polyhydroxybutyrate films for eco-friendly antimicrobial and antioxidant food packaging
(2026-03-30)
Chysirichote, Teerin
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Phaiboonsilpa, Natthanon
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Sakoolkaew, Prueksuda
BACKGROUND: This study explored the upcycling of lignosulfonate, a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, into polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-based films for sustainable food packaging applications. Glycerol and lignosulfonate were incorporated to enhance film flexibility, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial properties, addressing the growing demand for functional and eco-friendly packaging materials. RESULTS: Glycerol increased film thickness and water vapor permeability but reduced tensile strength, confirming its plasticizing effect. The incorporation of lignosulfonate improved barrier and functional properties by reducing water uptake, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and inhibiting Staphylococcus sp. When applied to choux cream, the optimized lignosulfonate–PHB film (245 g kg−1 glycerol, 120 g kg−1 lignosulfonate) markedly suppressed microbial proliferation, showing the lowest growth rates (μ = 0.56 log CFU g−1 d−1 for total plate count and 0.35 log CFU g−1 d−1 for yeast and mold count at 30 °C) and temperature coefficients (Q₁₀ = 2.16 and 1.78, respectively). This indicates strong thermal stability and effective control of microbial spoilage across 10–30 °C storage. CONCLUSION: Lignosulfonate-based PHB films demonstrate high potential as biodegradable and functional food packaging materials. Their ability to extend shelf life and maintain microbial stability supports the transition toward sustainable, clean-label, and low-emission packaging solutions. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Incorporation of Inulin and Maltodextrin into Thermally Processed, Reduced Calorie Taro Coconut Custard
(2026-01-01)
Chysirichote, Teeranuch
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Ketthongkam, Porndara
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Chysirichote, Teerin
This study developed a shelf-stable, calorie-reduced Thai taro coconut custard in aluminum cans by partially substituting, based on the original formula, coconut cream (42%) and palm sugar (42%) with inulin (10–15%), maltodextrin (5–10%), and sucralose (0.02%). The effects of these substitutions on physical and sensory properties were evaluated. Inulin and maltodextrin helped retain desirable texture and flavor, closely resembling the full-fat, full-sugar control. Sensory testing involved 30 trained panelists and 100 consumers. After 12 months of storage, 83% of consumers accepted the product, with 63% indicating purchase intent. An economic analysis supported production feasibility. These findings demonstrate a viable approach to developing healthier, shelf-stable traditional Thai desserts.
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Sustainable Active Packaging: Essential Oil-Enhanced Rice Starch Film for Preserving Fried Foods
(2025-12-01)
Chysirichote, Teerin
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Khanthong, Thitirat
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Khampanin, Nonthiya
This study develops a biodegradable, edible packaging film made from acetylated rice starch and enhanced with essential oils (EOs) to improve food preservation. Three EOs, including ginger, holy basil, and lemongrass, were selected for their well-documented antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as their relevance to regional culinary applications. The combination of EO-based antimicrobial properties with modified starch extended the shelf life of a typical fried food. The effects of acetylation at degrees of substitution (DS) of 1.0, 1.8, and 3.0 on the film’s physical, mechanical, and barrier properties were investigated. The film with DS 1.8 exhibited optimal properties, including low water solubility (15.3 %), low water vapor permeability (10 × 10⁻¹¹ g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹·Pa⁻¹), and high flexibility and tensile strength. The optimized acetylated rice starch film (ARSF) with the selected EOs was then evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Among the tested oils, lemongrass EO showed the strongest antibacterial and antifungal activities, supporting its emphasis as the most promising candidate for improving product shelf life. Predictive modeling demonstrated that the application of the optimized EO-enhanced ARSF (EO-ARSF) significantly prolonged the shelf life of pork crackling stored at 30 °C, increasing it from 37.8 days with ARSF alone to 57.7 days with EO-ARSF. These results emphasize the attractiveness of EO-ARSF, particularly lemongrass-enriched films, as a sustainable, industrially applicable packaging material for fried foods, combining functional preservation properties with eco-friendly design.
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Comparative Evaluation of Culture Media and pH Conditions for Xylanase Production in Aspergillus niger
(2025-09-01)
Pakaweerachat, Pattarabhorn
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Chysirichote, Teerin
Xylanase plays a crucial role in the degradation of hemicellulose and holds significant promise across a variety of biotechnological industries. This study investigates the effects of culture medium composition and initial pH on xylanase production by Aspergillus niger. Five different media; Mandels’, Vogel’s, Marciel’s, Okafor’s, and a modified Czapek-Dox, were evaluated for their ability to support enzyme synthesis. Additionally, initial pH levels ranging from 4.0 to 8.0 were tested to identify optimal production conditions. Among the tested media, Mandels’ medium supported the highest xylanase activity, while the optimal pH range for enzyme production was between 6.0 and 7.0. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing large-scale xylanase production using A. niger, contributing to the development of more efficient and cost-effective bioprocesses. Notably, this study incorporates biomass-specific productivity metrics (IU/g biomass), allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the strain’s enzymatic efficiency. This quantitative approach may help inform future efforts to develop cost-effective and scalable bioprocesses, particularly when applied to low-cost agro-industrial substrates.
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Optimization of ethanolic extraction of asiaticoside and asiatic acid: A stability study and correlation of dielectric constant
(2025-06-01)
Chysirichote, Teerin
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Wattanasiriwit, Waewwan
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Uraipong, Chatchaporn
This study optimized the extraction of asiaticoside and asiatic acid from Centella asiatica using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. The research focused on ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, and extraction duration to maximize yield efficiency. In addition, the stability of the extracted compounds was assessed under different temperature and pH conditions for practical applications. The highest asiaticoside yield was achieved using 53.7 % ethanol at 50.0 °C for 35 min., whereas asiatic acid extraction was most efficient using 63.3 % ethanol at 64.3 °C for 28 min. A significant correlation was observed between the dielectric constant of the extraction conditions, which was affected by solvent concentration and temperature, and extraction efficiency. Stability tests showed that temperature had a more pronounced impact than pH, with degradation accelerating at higher temperatures. The findings emphasize the importance of maintaining processing conditions below 70 °C and within an acidic to neutral pH range. These results provide valuable insights for industrial applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical sectors, underscoring the necessity of controlled conditions to preserve the bioactive properties of Centella asiatica extracts.
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Effect of the Variation of Solid/Liquid Content in Food on the Sterilizing Time and Physical Properties of Chicken and Turkey Berries in Green Curry in Retort Pouch
(2025-01-01)
Chysirichote, Teeranuch
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Wattanasiriwit, Weawwan
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Ploykrachang, Kamontip
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Chysirichote, Teerin
When industrial sterilizing is being done on a large scale, retort pouches are typically loaded with solid components first, followed by liquid ones. The error of filling steps occurs before the sterilization procedure is feasible. The curry with chicken and turkey berries was chosen as the food protocol to be studied. The food’s solid/liquid ratio was tested, from 0.93 to 4.49. The process time was influenced by the heat capacity ratio of the solid and liquid, but it was not considerably affected by the solid/liquid ratio. As a result, the process time had an impact on the texture and color of the meat but had no effect on the texture of the vegetables for process periods between 5 and 12 min (F0 = 4). The process time was earlier researched; however, the results of this study were used to roughly estimate the process time in the instance of the F0.

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