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The Effects of Hormone Diets with Different 17β-Estradiol Levels on Growth and Feminization in Long-Whiskered Catfish (Mystus gulio) Larvae Using Conventional and Microencapsulated Feed
(2026-01-01)
Dokkaew, Sahabhop
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Songdum, Kritchavat
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Prachom, Noratat
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Boonyung, Wiwiththanon
;
Kitikiew, Suwaree
Feminization is an important biotechnological approach in aquaculture for species in which females exhibit superior growth and higher market value. The long-whiskered catfish (Mystus gulio), a euryhaline species cultivated in both monoculture and co-culture systems, contributes to sustainable aquaculture by grazing on uneaten feed and maintaining pond cleanliness. This study evaluated the effects of dietary 17β-estradiol (E2) at 0, 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg, incorporated into conventional and microencapsulated feeds, on the feminization and early growth of M. gulio larvae. Treatments were administered during the weaning stage for 14 and 21 days under controlled rearing conditions. Results showed that larvae fed microencapsulated feed containing 60 mg/kg E2 achieved the highest specific growth rate (26.91 ± 1.92%/day), feed efficiency (164.76 ± 33.23%), and feminization success (99.73 ± 0.04%). Hormonal assays confirmed elevated estradiol and reduced testosterone levels, consistent with ovarian development observed in histological sections. Gene expression analysis further supported these findings through the significant upregulation of cyp19a, erb1, and erb2 mRNA levels. Overall, this study demonstrates that microencapsulated hormone feeding is an effective and environmentally responsible strategy for achieving monosex female populations in M. gulio, enhancing productivity, reproductive performance, and sustainability in aquaculture systems.
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Status of Aquarium Fish and Plants in Asia
(2026-01-01)
Kantha, Phunsin
;
Dokkaew, Sahabhop
;
Sirisuay, Soranuth
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Kitikiew, Suwaree
;
Nhan, Hua Thai
The ornamental aquarium market thrives on live organisms from wild captures and breeding programs, with over 90% of freshwater species and half of traded species sourced from breeding initiatives. Breeding marine species such as clownfish, marine angelfish, tang/surgeonfish, and corals 20has recently expanded, reflecting a shift towards sustainability and ecological conservation. In Asia, aquarium hobbyists blend ornamental fish and aquatic plants into miniature aquatic ecosystems, marking aquascaping’s evolution from traditional fishkeeping to intricate underwater landscapes. Rich biodiversity, complex layouts, and integration of natural processes like photosynthesis and the nitrogen cycle characterize Asian aquascaping. International recognition of Asian aquascapers at competitions like the World Aquascape Championships (IAPLC) underscores the global community’s pivotal role in the art’s continuous growth and innovation. This chapter further examines breeding techniques, ecological roles, and aesthetic contributions of aquatic life in Asia, highlighting sustainable practices and responsible stewardship essential for industry viability. Emphasizing ecological conservation, the chapter advocates for a balanced approach respecting both artistic expression and environmental sustainability, urging continued research, collaboration, and active community involvement to ensure an ecologically responsible future for this unique intersection of art and nature.
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Saving the Mahachai Betta: Genetic Erosion and Conservation Priorities Under Urbanization Pressure
(2025-10-01)
Nguyen, Ton Huu Duc
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Budi, Trifan
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Pongsanarm, Tavun
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Panthum, Thitipong
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Singchat, Worapong
Background/Objectives: Mahachai Betta (Betta mahachaiensis) is a bubble-nesting fighting fish endemic to brackish habitats in Bangkok, Samut Sakhon, and Samut Prakan, where rapid urbanization and industrial growth threaten persistence. We evaluated genetic structure and diversity across 10 populations (81 individuals) to inform conservation planning. Methods: This study combined microsatellite genotyping (13 loci) with ecological niche modeling to assess genetic variability, population connectivity, and landscape–environmental drivers of differentiation. Results: Habitat loss and fragmentation were associated with reduced gene flow and decreased genetic diversity. Mean allelic richness was 2.65 and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.20 to 0.46, with F<inf>ST</inf> values up to 0.400. Forward simulations predicted severe erosion of diversity within the next 12.5–37.5 years. Populations showed clear genetic subdivision, most pronounced in Samut Prakan and Samut Sakhon, with two Samut Sakhon populations (SKN3 and SKN7) reflecting strong environmental heterogeneity. Conclusions: Improving habitat connectivity and intensifying local community engagement are priority actions to enhance the resilience and long-term persistence of Mahachai Betta. This study provides the first integrated genetic and landscape-based assessment of the species, highlighting its rapid genetic erosion under urbanization and offering a foundation for targeted, evidence-based conservation strategies.

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