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Optimization and performance prediction of carbon dioxide adsorption on chitosan/activated carbon/epichlorohydrin composite materials using Box–Behnken design and artificial neural network approaches
(2025-06-01)
Loryuenyong, Vorrada
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Nakhlo, Worranuch
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Srikaenkaew, Praifha
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Yaidee, Panpassa
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Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) can be used as biomass to synthesize activated carbon (AC) through physical carbonization and chemical activation. Epichlorohydrin (EP) was used to create the chitosan (CS) and AC biopolymer composites via emulsion crosslinking. The main goal of this research is to boost the efficiency of CS/AC/EP composite materials for carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) capture by adsorption. The impact of CS content, AC concentration, and EP quantity on CO<inf>2</inf> removal was studied applying the Box–Behnken design (BBD)-based response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN)-based artificial intelligence (AI) models. The conditions for the adsorption process were optimized to forecast the maximum CO<inf>2</inf> adsorption utilizing BBD and ANN approaches. Optimal process parameters of 15.11 g CS content, 38.95 %w/w AC concentration, and 7.16 g EP quantity resulted in a CO<inf>2</inf> adsorbed of approximately 7.62 cm3/g. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the BBD model was 0.9995, while the correlation coefficient (R) for the ANN model was 0.9992. The CO<inf>2</inf> adsorption efficiency of adsorbents is enhanced by increasing the amounts of AC and EP. This study provides a technique for predicting and improving CO<inf>2</inf> capture through the development of porous polymer composite beads (CBs) with a high CO<inf>2</inf> adsorption capacity.
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Synergy of functionalized activated carbon and ZnO nanoparticles for enhancing photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and carbaryl
(2024-10-01)
Rungsawang, Tipawan
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Krobthong, Sucheewan
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Paengpan, Krisanachai
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Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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Manatura, Kanit
This study proposes preparing ZnO and ZnO/activated carbon (AC) for photocatalytic applications. ZnO and AC were synthesized using precipitation and carbonization processes, respectively. Particle sizes of ZnO and ZnO/AC were estimated at 121–135 nm. The crystalline structure analysis confirmed the presence of hexagonal wurtzite structures in ZnO. Microcrystalline graphite and amorphous carbon structures were observed in AC. The combination of these characteristics was observed in ZnO/AC. ZnO/AC exhibited an increase in surface area from 25.36 to 29.86 m2/g and a decrease in pore diameter from 5.66 to 4.31 nm. The chemical states of ZnO and AC remained unchanged. Therefore, the nanocompound structure of ZnO/AC can be inferred. The ZnO/AC nanocompounds were then employed to degrade methylene blue (MB) dye and carbaryl (CBR) insecticide, demonstrating excellent photocatalytic performance compared to pure ZnO. The apparent degradation rate constant reached an average value of 3.49 × 10−3 and 16.25 × 10−3 min−1 for MB and CBR, respectively. AC functions as carrier collectors in the ZnO/AC nanocompound structures due to the suitable energy band level for facilitating electron and hole transfers. This results in recombination suppression and prolonged lifetime, thus enhancing photocatalytic activity. The finding suggests the potential use of ZnO/AC nanocompounds to degrade agricultural chemicals in contaminated natural water under sunlight.
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Effect of pd precursor salts on the chemical state, particle size, and performance of activated carbon-supported pd catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of palm biodiesel
(2021-02-01)
Udomsap, Parncheewa
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Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
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Chen, Shih Yuan
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Mochizuki, Takehisa
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Chollacoop, Nuwong
To improve the oxidative stability of biodiesel fuel (BDF), the polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (poly-FAME) presented in commercial palm oil-derived biodiesel fuel (palm-BDF) were selectively hydrogenated to monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (mono-FAME) under a mild condition (80 °C, 0.5 MPa) using activated carbon (AC)-supported Pd catalysts with a Pd loading of 1 wt.%. The partially hydrotreated palm-BDF (denoted as H-FAME) which has low poly-FAME components is a new type of BDF with enhanced quality for use in high blends. In this study, we reported that the chemical states and particle sizes of Pd in the prepared Pd/AC catalysts were significantly influenced by the Pd precursors, Pd(NO3)2 and Pd(NH3)4Cl2, and thus varied their hydrogenation activity and product selectivity. The 1%Pd/AC (nit) catalyst, prepared using Pd(NO3)2, presented high performance for selective hydrogenation of poly-FAME into mono-FAME with high oxidation stability, owning to its large Pd particles (8.4 nm). Conversely, the 1%Pd/AC (amc) cata-lyst, prepared using Pd(NH3)4Cl2, contained small Pd particles (2.7 nm) with a little Cl residues, which could be completely removed by washing with an aqueous solution of 0.1 M NH4OH. The small Pd particles gave increased selectivity toward unwanted-FAME components, particularly the saturated fatty acid methyl esters during the hydrogenation of poly-FAME. This selectivity is un-profitable for improving the biodiesel quality.
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Synthesis of molybdenum disulfide support on carbon for upgrading bio-oil from jatropha residue
(2017-01-01)
Nakapan, Kantapat
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Chollacoop, Nuwong
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Viriya-Empikul, Nawin
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Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
Bio-oil or pyrolysis oil can be obtained from fast pyrolysis biomass has several unusual characteristic such as high acid and high oxygen content which cause bio oil not proper to use as a fuel. In this research MoS<inf>2</inf> support on carbon material was prepared for the upgrading bio oil via impregnation method on carbon support from biomass. Hydrothermal process which aims to convert biomass into value products. This process usually performed in water and produces the product, namely hydrochar. In this research, bagasse were executed by hydrothermal at 160 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours each to enhance the porosity of their products. High porosity is well-known desirably for enhancing efficiency of supporting agents since it can load more catalyst quantity. After finishing hydrothermal process, the reactor which carried bagasse was quenching in order to inhibit the reaction inside. Then, the hydrochar was impregnated by MoS<inf>2</inf> precursor and carbonized at 450 °C for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere to stabilize the metal phase and turned hydrochar into carbon support. MoS<inf>2</inf>/carbon was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, EDX, FTIR and pyrolyzer gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy.

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