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Author: search.filters.author.Eiad-Ua, ApiluckSubject: search.filters.subject.Porous carbon

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    Palm oil conversion to bio-jet and green diesel fuels over cobalt phosphide on porous carbons derived from palm male flowers
    (2020-06-01)
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    Kaewmeesri, Rungnapa
    ;
    Itthibenchapong, Vorranutch
    ;
    Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
    ;
    Faungnawakij, Kajornsak
    Porous carbon was successfully synthesized from palm male flowers (PMFs), using microwave-assisted potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation and was used as a catalyst support for the conversion of palm oil into bio-hydrocarbons, in fractions of green diesel and bio-jet fuel. Palm male flower-derived porous carbon (PC), consolidated with well dispersed cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles, was synthesized by simple wet-impregnation with subsequent thermal treatment. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized CoP/PC catalysts were evaluated by various techniques including proximate and ultimate elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, N<inf>2</inf> sorption, SEM, TEM–EDS, and NH<inf>3</inf>-temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The effects of the pyrolysis temperatures (600−900<sup>◦</sup> C), used for the impregnated samples before the reduction process, on catalyst properties and catalytic performance were investigated. Moreover, the effect of a liquid hourly space velocity of 0.5–1.5 h<sup>−1</sup> and reaction temperatures of 340–420<sup>◦</sup> C was studied in the palm oil conversion. The catalyst pyrolyzed at 600<sup>◦</sup> C possessed the greatest particle dispersion and surface area, and showed the highest yield of liquid hydrocarbon product (C9–C18). We also found that the high pyrolysis temperature above 800<sup>◦</sup> C partially transformed the Co<inf>2</inf> P phase into CoP one which significantly exhibited higher cracking activity and bio-jet selectivity, due to the improved acidity of the catalyst.
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    Transformation of waste marigold flowers into porous carbons via hydrothermal carbonization
    (2019-01-01)
    Chaiammart, Nattapat
    ;
    Wongcharoen, Sittan
    ;
    Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
    ;
    Ishizaki, Takahiro
    ;
    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
    Vast quantities of marigold flowers are often discarded as waste at sacred places and temples after religious ceremonies in Thailand. This has motivated us to examine the utilization of waste marigold flowers as a precursor for the synthesis of porous carbons by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pyrolysis. Waste marigold flowers were hydrothermally treated at 180 °C for 2, 12, and 24 h. The resultant hydrochars were subsequently pyrolyzed at 800 °C under argon (Ar) atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses, the samples exhibited an amorphous phase regardless of HTC time. With increasing HTC time, the marigold surface became rougher and more ruptured. This resulted in the development of a porous structure, thereby increasing surface area. The specific surface area of carbon samples increased from 118 to 281 m<sup>2</sup> /g with HTC increasing from 2 to 24 h, respectively. Increase of specific surface area mainly resulted from the development of a microporous structure at longer HTC times. Our results offer guidelines to control surface area and porosity through the adjustment of HTC conditions.