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Author: search.filters.author.Garg, AnkitSubject: search.filters.subject.Biochar

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    Unsaturated Soil Water Retention Characteristics, Electrical Conductivity and Compressibility of a Poorly Graded Fujian Soil Amended with Biochar
    (2026-07-01)
    Liu, Allen
    ;
    Garg, Ankit
    ;
    Yanning, Wang
    ;
    Kamchoom, Viroon
    ;
    Zhussupbekov, Askar
    This study investigates the effect of peach shell biochar on the unsaturated soil water retention characteristics, electrical conductivity (EC), and its correlation with the compressibility of poorly graded Fujian soil, thereby addressing a critical gap in biochar research for geotechnical applications. The study aims to explore an economical approach to accessing geotechnical properties using EC. Biochar (produced at 600 °C) was mixed with sand at 0%, 5%, and 10% ratios and tested using a modified oedometer for simultaneous EC and compressibility measurements. Results reveal that 10% biochar increased EC by 354 mS/m under 200 kPa stress, a fourfold enhancement over 5% biochar (88 mS/m), attributed to conductive pathways formed by biochar particles under compression. Soil settlement decreased by 17% (0.282ΔH) and 21% (0.268ΔH) at 5% and 10% biochar, respectively, compared to bare sand (0.340ΔH). The air-entry value surged from 0.40 kPa (bare sand) to 0.71 kPa (5% biochar) and 1.41 kPa (10% biochar), enhancing moisture retention by 78% and 253%. The EC-void ratio relationship diverged markedly: bare sand showed a declining EC with reduced void ratio (0.112 Δe), while biochar-amended soils exhibited a rising EC (Δe = 0.056 for 5% and 0.036 for 10%) due to particle conduction dominating over pore-water losses. These findings offer feasible geotechnical applications: the stress-responsive EC enables real-time stability monitoring in embankments or landfill covers via non-invasive resistivity tomography, while reduced compressibility positions biochar-amended sand as a sustainable alternative for foundations in flood-prone or arid regions. Enhanced air-entry values further mitigate drought-induced cracking and erosion. The dual role of biochar, improving conductivity and mechanical stability, supports its integration into green infrastructure strategies.
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    Influence of soil density on gas permeability and water retention in soils amended with in-house produced biochar
    (2021-06-01)
    Garg, Ankit
    ;
    Huang, He
    ;
    Cai, Weiling
    ;
    Reddy, Narala Gangadhara
    ;
    Chen, Peinan
    Biochar has been used as an environment-friendly enhancer to improve the hydraulic properties (e.g. suction and water retention) of soil. However, variations in densities alter the properties of the soil–biochar mix. Such density variations are observed in agriculture (loosely compacted) and engineering (densely compacted) applications. The influence of biochar amendment on gas permeability of soil has been barely investigated, especially for soil with different densities. The major objective of this study is to investigate the water retention capacity, and gas permeability of biochar-amended soil (BAS) with different biochar contents under varying degree of compaction (DOC) conditions. In-house produced novel biochar was mixed with the soil at different amendment rates (i.e. biochar contents of 0%, 5% and 10%). All BAS samples were compacted at three DOCs (65%, 80% and 95%) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes. Each soil column was subjected to drying–wetting cycles, during which soil suction, water content, and gas permeability were measured. A simplified theoretical framework for estimating the void ratio of BAS was proposed. The experimental results reveal that the addition of biochar significantly decreased gas permeability k<inf>g</inf> as compared with that of bare soil (BS). However, the addition of 5% biochar is found to be optimum in decreasing k<inf>g</inf> with an increase of DOC (i.e. k<inf>g,65%</inf> > k<inf>g,80%</inf> > k<inf>g,95%</inf>) at a relatively low suction range (< 200 kPa) because both biochar and compaction treatment reduce the connected pores.