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Author: search.filters.author.Hajra, SugatoSubject: search.filters.subject.Energy harvesting

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    Immobilized microalgae-driven triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable bioelectricity production
    (2026-12-01)
    Kaja, Kushal Ruthvik
    ;
    Janpum, Chalampol
    ;
    Komkhum, Tanakit
    ;
    Hajra, Sugato
    ;
    Vivekananthan, Venkateswaran
    Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are emerging as promising solutions for decentralised energy generation due to the growing need for sustainable power sources. These devices convert wasted mechanical energy into electricity under ambient conditions, offering advantages such as eco-friendly operation, material versatility, and effective energy scavenging. Despite these benefits, their relatively low electrical output compared to conventional sources like batteries and fuel cells remains a limitation. Microalgae have attracted attention for their ability to produce bioelectricity through photosynthesis and respiration while simultaneously capturing carbon dioxide. Immobilising microalgal cells on conductive substrates improves electron transfer and metabolic activity. In this context, living Chlorella vulgaris TISTR 8580 with varied cell densities was immobilised on aluminium electrodes and incorporated into a TENG platform to explore energy harvesting from solid-solid and solid-liquid interactions. The highest output of 110 V and 330 nA was generated, confirming the microalgae as a promising tribolayer and extending the conventional triboelectric series. However, sustaining cell viability over extended periods remains a challenge, highlighting the need for optimised light and nutrient conditions in future developments.
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    Harvesting energy from friction: the revolutionary decade of triboelectric nanogenerators
    (2026-04-01)
    Khanapurarm, Uday Kumar
    ;
    Rani, Gokana Mohana
    ;
    Panda, Swati
    ;
    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
    ;
    Mistewicz, Krystian
    Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have rapidly developed into a transformative energy harvesting technology, enabling self-powered, sustainable electronic systems. This review offers the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary perspective that connects the physics of triboelectric charge transfer with material innovation, device engineering, and real-world applications. We systematically categorize and measure the triboelectric series across a wide range of materials, including polymers, 2D materials, MOFs, perovskites, cellulose, and biodegradable frameworks, using experimentally validated methods. In addition to traditional approaches, this work highlights emerging strategies such as machine learning-guided material discovery, 3D printing, and advanced structural engineering to improve charge retention, durability, and power output. Unlike existing reviews, it uniquely combines theory and application insights, presents diverse uses from biomedical sensing and environmental monitoring to underwater communication and mechanoluminescence, and outlines a forward-looking plan for sustainable energy harvesting. This comprehensive synthesis serves as an essential resource for researchers and technologists designing next-generation TENGs and multifunctional self-powered devices.