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Performance Assessment of Co-Gasification Process for Syngas Production Using Multi-Biomass Feedstocks
(2026-06-15)
Wiranarongkorn, Kunlanan
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Detchusananard, Thanaphorn
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Piroonlerkgul, Pakorn
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Im-orb, Karittha
The investigation focused on alternative energy production from biomass residuals, predominantly located in Northern Thailand, for year-round utilization. The biomass gasification model was created in Aspen Plus. The cassava stalk served as a foundational biomass for blending with additional materials. Increased equivalent ratio (ER) increased syngas yield, while higher gasifying temperatures decreased it. The total energy demand rose with increasing ER, whereas it decreased with higher gasifying temperatures. The gasification process may transition from exothermic to endothermic when the ER exceeds 0.25. The effect of mixing ratio of 1) cassava stalk and 2) rice straw, or 3) cane stalks, or 4) corn stalk at 1:0, 4:1, 3:2, and 2:3 on the gasification performance was investigated. The maximum syngas yield of all mixture cases at each gasifying temperature was achieved at mixing ratio of 2:3 and ER of 0.3. This study discovered blending cassava stalk with seasonal leftovers like rice straw, cane stalks, and corn stalks in a 2:3 ratio generated outstanding syngas year-round in Thailand. For the blended biomass feed rate of 10 kg/h, the maximum syngas yield of 0.356 kmol/h was achieved for the mixture of cassava stalk and rice straw at a gasifying temperature of 900°C.
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Assessment of bio-methanol and electricity co-production via the integration of biomass-to-methanol process, solid oxide electrolyzer, and power generator
(2025-11-01)
Detchusananard, Thanaphorn
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Wiranarongkorn, Kunlanan
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Im-orb, Karittha
The performance assessment of an integrated biomass to methanol and solid oxide electrolyzer with and without a power generation unit (BtM-SOEC-PG and BtM-SOEC), utilizing purge gas from BtM for production of bio-methanol and electricity, is performed. For BtM-SOEC-PG, two utilization routes of low pressure (LP) steam leaving the power generation system (case 1: LP steam is exported to external users (BtM-SOEC-PG-LPEX) and case 2: LP steam is utilized in the process (BtM-SOEC-PG-LPUT)) are examined to determine the impact on process performance of recycling purge gas from BtM to either the methanol reactor or the power generation unit. In all cases, the bio-methanol production increases with increased purge gas recycling, whereas the power generation decreases. The direct CO<inf>2</inf> emissions are also improved with increased recycling. Two BtM-SOEC-PG cases are an exothermic process, and the degree of exothermicity increased with purge gas recycling. However, the BtM-SOEC-PG-LPUT with 90 % purge gas recycling offers a maximum methanol production rate of 15.99 kg/h, and under these conditions, 3.17 kW of electricity is generated and 56.18 % energy efficiency is obtained. The energy efficiency of the BtM-SOEC-PG-LPUT, with 90 % purge gas recycling, could potentially be enhanced by 10.42 % due to pinch analysis and heat exchanger network (HEN) design. Exergy analysis indicates that the gasifier is the primary unit of exergy destruction, followed by the combustion unit and the autothermal reformer (ATR) in the second and third positions, respectively. Furthermore, the BtM-SOEC-PG-LPUT with 90 % purge gas recycling offers a competitive cost of bio-methanol (824.37 USD/ton) compared to BtM-SOEC.
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Process Improvement and Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Bio-Hydrogenated Diesel Production from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil
(2025-01-01)
Anantpinijwatna, Amata
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Simasatitkul, Lida
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Yooyen, Kanokporn
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Amornraksa, Suksun
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Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
The co-production of BHD with other renewable fuels (i.e., using a novel process involving carbon dioxide utilization to achieve the global sustainability goal) is presented. The three configurations of BHD production from refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO), including (1) the conventional BHD process with hydrogen recovery (BHD process), (2) the BHD process coupled with the Fischer–Tropsch process (BHD-FT process), and (3) the BHD process coupled with the bio-jet fuel and methanol processes (BHD-BIOJET-MEOH process) are investigated using the process model developed in Aspen Plus. The effect of the operating parameters is studied, and the condition of each process offering the highest BHD yield is proposed. Then, the pinch analysis and heat exchanger network (HEN) design of each proposed process are performed to find the highest energy-efficient configuration. The economic and environmental analysis is later performed to investigate the sustainability performance of each configuration. The conventional BHD process requires less hydrogen and consumes less energy than the others. The BHD-BIOJET-MEOH process is the most economically feasible, offering the highest net present value (NPV) of USD 7.93 million and the shortest payback period of 3 years and 1 month. However, it offers the highest carbon footprint of 0.820 kgCO<inf>2</inf> eq./kg of BHD, and it presented the highest potential environmental impact (PEI) in all categories.
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Techno-economic performance analysis of biomass-to-methanol with solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable bio-methanol production
(2024-12-30)
Detchusananard, Thanaphorn
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Wiranarongkorn, Kunlanan
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Im-orb, Karittha
The analysis of the technical and economic performance of an integrated biomass to methanol and solid oxide electrolysis process (BtM-SOEC) is studied to find more sustainable process of bio-methanol production. The oil palm empty fruit branch (EFB) which is abundant in Thailand is used as biomass feedstock. Modeling of the BtM-SOEC is done using Aspen Plus. For technical aspects, the production rate of oxygen and hydrogen from the SOEC can be enhanced through an appropriate adjustment of the number of cells and cell temperature. The BtM-SOEC offers higher methanol yield and overall efficiency, while consumes less energy than the conventional biomass to methanol process (BtM). The maximum methanol production rate of 0.4995 kmol hr−1 derived from BtM-SOEC is achieved at a number of cells of 325 cells and a cell temperature of 700 °C, at this condition the overall efficiency is 64.79 %. The economic assessment indicates that the conventional BtM and BtM-SOEC are still not economically feasible. However, the conventional BtM is more economically feasible than the BtM-SOEC. The methanol cost of BtM-SOEC can turn out to be economically feasible when renewable electricity cost and SOEC cost decrease substantially. The methanol cost of the BtM-SOEC (620 USD ton−1) can be competitive to that of the BtM (703 USD ton−1) when the cost of input renewable electricity decreases by 80 %. Consequently, this research highlights the potential of BtM-SOEC from agricultural residues for sustainable bio-methanol production in the future market condition that the cost of renewable electricity tends to continuously decrease with the technology development and increased technology adoption and the carbon policy tends to be tightened to relieve global warming.
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Sustainability analysis of the bio-dimethyl ether (bio-DME) production via integrated biomass gasification and direct DME Synthesis Process
(2023-05-01)
Im-orb, Karittha
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Piroonlerkgul, Pakorn
The sustainability analysis based on life cycle assessment (LCA) of bio-dimethyl ether (bio-DME) production via an integrated biomass gasification and direct DME synthesis (IBG-DME) process, using oil palm residue as feedstock, was performed. The IBG-DME process was simulated in Aspen plus. Operating at selected condition, the IBG-DME was an exothermic process, whereas for 1 kg h−1 of oil palm trunk, bio-DME of 0.3456 kg h−1 and bio-methanol of 0.015 kg h−1 were produced as main product and by product, respectively, with energy efficiency at 59.5%. The energy consumption increased as gasifying temperature increased and reached thermal self-sufficient condition at approximately 890 °C but the CO<inf>2</inf> emission showed opposite trend. LCA result indicated that the carbon footprint of each unit operation relied on the energy consumption. For biomass gasification section, the global warming potential (GWP) accounted for approximately 91% of the total impact. The DME production section highly contributed toward the ozone depletion potential (ODP), eco-toxicity (ET), and human toxicity-non-carcinogenics (HTNC) whereas the syngas cleaning and conditioning section highly contributed toward GWP, human toxicity potential by ingestion (HTPI), and aquatic toxicity potential (ATP). The endpoint impact on the ecosystem were higher than the human health for all process sections.
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Comparative techno-economic assessment of bio-methanol and bio-DME production from oil palm residue
(2022-04-15)
Im-orb, Karittha
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
The techno-economic assessment was performed to investigate and compare the production of bio-methanol and bio-dimethyl ether (bio-DME) via the combined gasification and chemical synthesis processes (i.e., gasification-methanol (MeOH) and gasification-DME). The combined processes were simulated using oxygen as a gasifying agent and the oil palm trunk, the agricultural waste generated from the palm oil industry, as feedstock. The gasification-MeOH process offered a higher amount of valuable product (methanol) and released a larger amount of CO<inf>2</inf>. The energy analysis indicated the two biomass conversion processes were exothermic process. The gasification-DME process presented a higher biomass conversion efficiency of 59.5% compared to 47.6% of the gasification-MeOH. The pinch analysis of gasification-MeOH and the gasification-DME processes indicated threshold pinch that required only cold utility of 0.5542 kW and 0.7258 kW, respectively. Regarding the economic aspect, the two processes were still not economically feasible, and the methanol and DME prices and the project lifetime influenced their economic performance. However, due to the high product price, the gasification-DME process was approximately 7% more economically feasible than the gasification-MeOH process.
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Assessment and analysis of multi-biomass fuels for sustainable electricity generation
(2021-12-01)
Wiranarongkorn, Kunlanan
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Phajam, Picharporn
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Im-orb, Karittha
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Saebea, Dang
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
Many biomass power plants are not flexible, using only one fuel type, and have high CO<inf>2</inf> emissions. In this study, a new methodology to assess the multi-biomass utilization for a power plant is proposed. The results provide that the proportions of mixed biomass residues in different regions of Thailand are appropriate with lower chloride content and slagging inclination than the standard specification. However, high alkali metal oxides in biomass in the southern region lead to high fouling inclination with high fly ash deposition. The electricity production using multi-biomass fuel is more efficient with lower fuel consumption than that with single-type biomass. To generate 103.43 MW electricity production, 107.89 t h−1 consumption of mixed biomass fuels in the central is lower than that with multi-biomass in other regions. However, it generates a maximum of 12.5 mol% CO<inf>2</inf> in exhaust gases which can be captured by suitable amine-based absorbents with 90.82% efficiency.
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Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses of sustainable furfural production via reactive distillation
(2021-07-01)
Wiranarongkorn, Kunlanan
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Im-orb, Karittha
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Panpranot, Joongjai
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Maréchal, François
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
Lignocellulosic biomass is a potential renewable resource for production of high-value, sustainable products. Furfural is among the important bio-based chemicals in biorefineries. However, the conventional process of furfural production using a reaction-separation network entails low product yield but high fixed and operating costs owing to the complex process of separation. In this study, a process of furfural production via reactive distillation (RD) was investigated and designed based on the concept of process intensification. Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses were applied to evaluate the process performance. When the RD column was operated at its optimal configuration, furfural production of 81.78 kg h−1 was achieved with xylose conversion and furfural yield of 97.9% and 97.4%, respectively. The exergy efficiency of furfural production was 56.41%, while the RD column exhibited the maximum exergy destruction rate among all components with an exergy efficiency of 69.82%. The exergy destruction rate declined with decrease in the reboiler duty of the RD column and increase in xylose concentration. The exergoeconomic analysis revealed that decreasing the reboiler duty had the highest impact on the total cost of furfural production. Decreases in feedstock and catalyst costs as well as interest rate additionally lowered the total cost rate of the system.
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Process intensification approach for design and optimization of biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate
(2021-06-01)
Im-orb, Karittha
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
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Simasatitkul, Lida
Design of the biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using process intensification approach is studied in technical, economic and environmental view points. Firstly, the transport phenomena analysis is performed to select the suitable intensified unit. The reactive distillation is selected and used in esterification – transesterification process and hydrolysis – esterification process. The optimum condition of reactive distillation in esterification – transesterification is achieved when the methanol is fed at the 3rd stage of the 4-stage column and the liquid holdup is maintained at 6 m3. The intensified esterification – transesterification process offers higher biodiesel yield and consumes less energy compared with the intensified hydrolysis – esterification process. The economic analysis shows that the intensified esterification-transesterification process is found to be economically feasible. Finally, environment assessment based on life cycle analysis (LCA) indicates that the environmental impact of both processes are similar.
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Bio-methanol production from oil palm residues: A thermodynamic analysis
(2020-12-15)
Im-orb, Karittha
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Phan, Anh N.
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Arpornwichanop, Amornchai
The thermodynamic analysis of bio-methanol production from oil palm residues was performed using a process model developed in Aspen Plus. Among the different types of oil palm residues, i.e., trunk, frond, and empty fruit bunch, the trunk residue offers the highest synthesis gas (syngas) (H<inf>2</inf> and CO) yields via the gasification process; therefore, it was selected as the biomass model compound. The effect of gasification operating conditions on the syngas composition, yield, bio-methanol production, energy consumption, and exergy performance was examined. The yield of syngas increased with increasing gasifying temperature, whereas that of bio-methanol exhibited the opposite trend due to the decrease in H<inf>2</inf> concentration of the syngas. The gasifier was an important unit for enhancing the exergy efficiency of the system, which was decreased when the equivalent ratio (ER) and gasifying temperature increased. Recirculating pressure swing adsorption offgas to the gasifier did not benefit bio-methanol production, nor did it improve energy and exergy performance. The maximum yield of bio-methanol was achieved by a once-through process that maintained the gasifying temperature at 750 °C and ER at 0.25. Under these conditions, the maximum energy and exergy efficiencies were 38.57 and 25.44%, respectively.

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