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Author: search.filters.author.Junyapoon, SuwanneeSubject: search.filters.subject.risk assessment

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    Size Distributions of Inhalable Particulate Matter and Particle-bound Heavy Metals and Their Potential Occupational Health Risk Related to Informal E-waste Recycling in Thailand
    (2022-02-08)
    Keawhanu, Thidarat
    ;
    Sukonthamut, Sujitra
    ;
    Suriyawong, Achariya
    ;
    Junyapoon, Suwannee
    Concentrations and size distributions of atmospheric particulates and particulate-bound heavy metals in different inhalable fractions were studied in working areas during manual dismantling, thermal cutting and cable sheath burning activities. The particulate samples were collected on quartz fiber filters using an eight-stage cascade impactor with flow rate of 28. 3 l min<sup>-1</sup>. Mass concentrations of the particles were measured in each size fraction. Heavy metals bound on the particles were extracted with acid digestion and then analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Risk assessment of worker exposure to the particles was determined. The results indicated that the concentrations of ultrafine (d<inf>ae</inf> < 0.43 μm), fine (0.43 < d<inf>ae</inf> < 2.1 μm) and coarse (2.1 < d<inf>ae</inf> < 10 μm) particles were in the ranges of 14.49-62.04, 57.51-120.26 and 153.26–646.99 μg m<sup>−3</sup> during manual dismantling, 363.41-1,011.95, 2,105.40-4,899.11 and 1,698.54-7,075.61 μg m<sup>−3</sup> during thermal cutting and 364.73-1,694.72, 1,953.33-4,431.41 and 1,385.97-6,126.13 μg m<sup>−3</sup> during cable sheath burning, respectively. The concentrations of PM<inf>2.1</inf> and PM<inf>10</inf> released from these activities did not exceed the OSHA PEL threshold limits. Heavy metals adsorbed on the particles (Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn) detected during manual dismantling did not exceed the TWA standard. Concentrations of Cr and Pb during cable sheath burning highly exceeded the standards whereas Pb concentrations during thermal cutting slightly exceeded the standard. The heavy metals released from these recycling activities were more enriched on coarse mode than fine mode. Inhalation exposure to Cr, Pb and Mn posed a potential health risk to the workers.
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    Size Distributions of Particulate Matter and Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Risk Assessments during Cable Sheath Burning
    (2019-01-01)
    Keawhanu, Thidarat
    ;
    Suriyawong, Achariya
    ;
    Junyapoon, Suwannee
    Burning of electric cable sheath leads to the emission of small particles and toxic pollutants that cause severe air pollution and human health effects. In this study, size distributions of particulate matter and p-PAHs during open burning of cable insulation were examined. Lifetime cancer risk of PAHs was also assessed. The particulate samples were collected on quartz fiber filters using an eight-stage cascade impactor with flow rate of 28. 3 L min<sup>-1</sup>. The exposed filter was extracted with acetonitrile and then measured by GC-MS in the SIM mode for 16 PAHs identification. It was found that average concentrations of ultrafine, fine and coarse particles were 1,045.82 µg m<sup>-3</sup> (11.45 % of the total mass), 3,557. 50 µg m<sup>-3</sup> (38. 96 % of the total mass) and 4,529. 03 µg m<sup>-3</sup> (49. 59 % of the total mass), respectively. The particle size distributions were bimodal with one major peak in the size range of 5. 8-4. 7 µm and another minor peak in the size range of 1. 1-0. 65 µm. The concentrations of 16 PAHs adsorbed on ultrafine, fine and coarse particle were 717. 86 ng m<sup>-3</sup> (11. 47% of the total PAHs), 3,645.43 ng m<sup>-3</sup> (58. 23% of the total PAHs) and 1,897. 19 ng m<sup>-3</sup> (30.30% of the total PAHs), respectively. Distributions of BaA, BaP, DbA and BgP were unimodal with a peak in accumulation mode while those of Acy, Ace and Fla were bimodal with two peaks in accumulation mode. Distributions of Flu, Phe, Ant, Pyr, Chr, BbF and BkF were multimodal with peaks in accumulation and coarse modes whereas InP was not detected. The inhalable particles (PM<inf>10</inf>) contained mainly 5-ring PAHs (55.67% of total PAHs) followed by 4-ring PAHs (27.58% of total PAHs), and 3-ring PAHs ( 14. 98% of total PAHs). Only small amount of 2-ring PAHs (1.36% of total PAHs) and 6-ring PAHs (0.41% of total PAHs) was observed. The fraction of PAHs adsorbed on PM<inf>10</inf> was ranked in the order Group 2B (53. 45%) > Group 3 (33. 86%) > Group 1 (10.71%) > Group 2A (1.98%). The average concentrations of 16 PAHs and B[a]P<inf>eq</inf> were 6,260.47 ng m<sup>-3</sup> and 1,014.35 ng m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. The estimated lifetime lung cancer risk during wire burning was 8.83E-02.