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Effectiveness of Auricular Acupressure Combined with Medication and Medical Advice for Smoking Cessation
(2024-04-01)
Sivapornpun, Varaporn
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Eamlaorsuk, Mareeya
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
Materials and Methods: Two hundred eighty-two patients voluntarily participated in a smoking cessation program at the Smart Quit Clinic, Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, the treatment group (n=141) receiving specific auricular acupressure and the control group (n=141) receiving non-specific auricular acupressure. Five specific auricular acupressure points, including shenmen, lung, mouth, stomach, and sympathetic, were used to treat NWS. Each point was pressed with Wang Bu Liu Xing for one minute. The acupressure was applied three times a day for 12 weeks. The succession of cessation was assessed using carbon monoxide (CO) levels in exhaled breath and relief of NWS.Objective: Nicotine withdrawal symptoms (NWS) are the main impediments to the quitting attempt. The present study investigated the effectiveness of specific auricular acupressure combined with medication and medical advice to quit smoking.Results: The success of smoking cessation in the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group after cessation at weeks 12 and 24. Specific auricular acupressure such as shenmen, lung, mouth, stomach, and sympathetic, could reduce anxiety, craving on smoking, insomnia, and nervous symptoms since the first week after cessation.Conclusion: Specific auricular acupressure using Wang Bu Liu Xing is an effective and safe treatment method for relieving NWS.
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Immobilization of Silver Doped Titanium Dioxide onto Stainless Steel Wire Mesh for Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Formaldehyde under Visible Light Irradiation
(2022-03-01)
Sriwong, Chaval
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Klypoo, Akekarat
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Khingram, Aiyakub
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Natluecha, Ratima
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
Titanium dioxide (TiO<inf>2</inf>) photocatalysis can degrade air pollutants into nontoxic substances but it can only be excited by UV light. To eliminate this limitation, silver (Ag) and/or graphene oxide (GO) doped TiO<inf>2</inf> are applied to enhance visible light photocatalytic activity. In this study, Ag-TiO<inf>2</inf> (0. 5%, 1%, 2% w/w), GO/TiO<inf>2</inf> and GO/Ag-TiO<inf>2</inf> were synthesized and then coated on stainless steel mesh. Crystalline and molecule structures, chemical compositions and optical properties of the prepared photocatalyst samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy equipped with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. The photocatalytic performances of the various doped catalysts were evaluated according to their abilities to degrade gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) under visible light. The effect of operational parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of HCHO including layer numbers of photocatalyst, powers of fluorescent lamp and flow rates of HCHO were observed. The results indicated that the presence of Ti, O and Ag elements in Ag-TiO<inf>2</inf> and Ti, O, Ag and C elements in GO/Ag-TiO<inf>2</inf> was confirmed. Proper dispersion of the photocatalyst on the wire mesh was exhibited. Under visible light, the incorporation of Ag and GO in TiO<inf>2</inf> photocatalysts produced higher degradation rates of HCHO than pure TiO<inf>2</inf>. The optimum operating conditions of HCHO degradation at initial concentration of 108.7±1.15 ppm over visible light irradiation for 30 min were 5 layers of 0.5% Ag-TiO<inf>2</inf>, 72 W fluorescent light and 300 ml/ min of HCHO flow rate. Under these conditions, the removal efficiency of gaseous HCHO was 76.70±0.73%.
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Size Distributions of Inhalable Particulate Matter and Particle-bound Heavy Metals and Their Potential Occupational Health Risk Related to Informal E-waste Recycling in Thailand
(2022-02-08)
Keawhanu, Thidarat
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Sukonthamut, Sujitra
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Suriyawong, Achariya
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
Concentrations and size distributions of atmospheric particulates and particulate-bound heavy metals in different inhalable fractions were studied in working areas during manual dismantling, thermal cutting and cable sheath burning activities. The particulate samples were collected on quartz fiber filters using an eight-stage cascade impactor with flow rate of 28. 3 l min-1. Mass concentrations of the particles were measured in each size fraction. Heavy metals bound on the particles were extracted with acid digestion and then analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Risk assessment of worker exposure to the particles was determined. The results indicated that the concentrations of ultrafine (d<inf>ae</inf> < 0.43 μm), fine (0.43 < d<inf>ae</inf> < 2.1 μm) and coarse (2.1 < d<inf>ae</inf> < 10 μm) particles were in the ranges of 14.49-62.04, 57.51-120.26 and 153.26–646.99 μg m−3 during manual dismantling, 363.41-1,011.95, 2,105.40-4,899.11 and 1,698.54-7,075.61 μg m−3 during thermal cutting and 364.73-1,694.72, 1,953.33-4,431.41 and 1,385.97-6,126.13 μg m−3 during cable sheath burning, respectively. The concentrations of PM<inf>2.1</inf> and PM<inf>10</inf> released from these activities did not exceed the OSHA PEL threshold limits. Heavy metals adsorbed on the particles (Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn) detected during manual dismantling did not exceed the TWA standard. Concentrations of Cr and Pb during cable sheath burning highly exceeded the standards whereas Pb concentrations during thermal cutting slightly exceeded the standard. The heavy metals released from these recycling activities were more enriched on coarse mode than fine mode. Inhalation exposure to Cr, Pb and Mn posed a potential health risk to the workers.
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Size Distributions of Particulate Matter and Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Risk Assessments during Cable Sheath Burning
(2019-01-01)
Keawhanu, Thidarat
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Suriyawong, Achariya
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
Burning of electric cable sheath leads to the emission of small particles and toxic pollutants that cause severe air pollution and human health effects. In this study, size distributions of particulate matter and p-PAHs during open burning of cable insulation were examined. Lifetime cancer risk of PAHs was also assessed. The particulate samples were collected on quartz fiber filters using an eight-stage cascade impactor with flow rate of 28. 3 L min-1. The exposed filter was extracted with acetonitrile and then measured by GC-MS in the SIM mode for 16 PAHs identification. It was found that average concentrations of ultrafine, fine and coarse particles were 1,045.82 µg m-3 (11.45 % of the total mass), 3,557. 50 µg m-3 (38. 96 % of the total mass) and 4,529. 03 µg m-3 (49. 59 % of the total mass), respectively. The particle size distributions were bimodal with one major peak in the size range of 5. 8-4. 7 µm and another minor peak in the size range of 1. 1-0. 65 µm. The concentrations of 16 PAHs adsorbed on ultrafine, fine and coarse particle were 717. 86 ng m-3 (11. 47% of the total PAHs), 3,645.43 ng m-3 (58. 23% of the total PAHs) and 1,897. 19 ng m-3 (30.30% of the total PAHs), respectively. Distributions of BaA, BaP, DbA and BgP were unimodal with a peak in accumulation mode while those of Acy, Ace and Fla were bimodal with two peaks in accumulation mode. Distributions of Flu, Phe, Ant, Pyr, Chr, BbF and BkF were multimodal with peaks in accumulation and coarse modes whereas InP was not detected. The inhalable particles (PM<inf>10</inf>) contained mainly 5-ring PAHs (55.67% of total PAHs) followed by 4-ring PAHs (27.58% of total PAHs), and 3-ring PAHs ( 14. 98% of total PAHs). Only small amount of 2-ring PAHs (1.36% of total PAHs) and 6-ring PAHs (0.41% of total PAHs) was observed. The fraction of PAHs adsorbed on PM<inf>10</inf> was ranked in the order Group 2B (53. 45%) > Group 3 (33. 86%) > Group 1 (10.71%) > Group 2A (1.98%). The average concentrations of 16 PAHs and B[a]P<inf>eq</inf> were 6,260.47 ng m-3 and 1,014.35 ng m-3, respectively. The estimated lifetime lung cancer risk during wire burning was 8.83E-02.
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Factors affecting the degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate by TiO2 assisted photocatalysis and its kinetics
(2018-01-01)
Jariyanorasade, Anon
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
This research aims to study photocatalytic degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in synthetic solution and industrial laundry wastewater by UV/TiO<inf>2</inf> process. The structural and surface properties of Degussa P25 TiO<inf>2</inf> powder were measured by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Autosorb, respectively. Factors affecting the photocatalytic decomposition i.e. pH, TiO<inf>2</inf> dosage, irradiation time, initial LAS concentration were investigated in a batch reactor. The kinetic of LAS degradation was studied at room temperature. After degradation, byproduct formation was analyzed using GC-MS. The experimental results showed that a dominating crystalline structure of TiO<inf>2</inf> was the tetragonal anatase phase (82.58%). The TiO<inf>2</inf> had a surface area of 77.79 m2/g, a pore size of 14.38 nm in diameter and a pore volume of 0.28 cc/g. It was found that the optimum conditions for photocatalytic degradation of LAS were at initial LAS concentration of 20 mg/L, non-adjust pH (pH 5.5), TiO<inf>2</inf> dosage of 100 mg/L with irradiation time for 60 mins. Under these conditions, the removal efficiency of LAS in the synthetic solution reached 83.20%. The removal of LAS follows the second order kinetic with rate constant of 0.0031 L/mg/min and half-life of 16.13 min. Alkyl long chains, carboxylic acids and aromatic rings were detected as its degradation products. The removal efficiencies of LAS, orthophosphates and COD in industrial laundry wastewater were 51.99±7.36%, 45.98±4.85 % and 16.00±0.00%, respectively.
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Size distribution, characterization and risk assessment of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during haze periods in Phayao Province, northern Thailand
(2017-11-01)
Pooltawee, Jaturaporn
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Pimpunchat, Busayamas
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
This study aims to investigate the concentrations and distributions of particulate matters and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs) in different inhalable fractions during haze periods in Phayao Province, northern Thailand and identify their possible emission sources through the characteristic ratios of selected PAHs, then determine an estimate of the potential lung cancer risk. The particulate samples were collected during haze periods between February 18 and April 8, 2014 and non-haze period from June 17 to 22, 2014 using an eight-stage cascade impactor. Each filter sample was weighed, ultrasonically extracted with acetonitrile, and then analyzed by SIM-GC-MS to identify 16 PAHs. The experimental results show that the concentrations of ultrafine (d<inf>ae</inf> < 0.4 μm), fine (0.4 μm < d<inf>ae</inf> < 2.1 μm), and coarse (d<inf>ae</inf> > 2.1 μm) particles during haze periods were in the range of 14.98–26.52 μg m−3, 62.57–101.52 μg m−3, and 55.27–89.68 μg m−3, respectively; whereas, their concentrations of 16 PAHs were in the range of 7.82–36.06 ng m−3, 26.66–61.89 ng m−3, and 9.35–30.93 ng m−3, respectively. The p-PAH distribution profiles during the haze periods were bimodal in coarse and accumulation modes, which are closely related to their particle size distributions. The characteristic ratios of BaP/BgP and INP/(BgP+InP) adsorbed on ultrafine and fine particles were 0.81–0.88 and 0.38–0.86 and 0.54–0.57 and 0.44–0.52, respectively. The values of B[a]P<inf>eq</inf> observed during haze periods varied from 9.57 to 29.05 ng m−3. Estimated lifetime cancer risks during haze periods ranged from 8.324 to 25.27 additional cases per 10,000 people exposed, which is about 10 times higher than that during non-haze period.
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Biogas production from bakery wastewater in two-stage anaerobic digestion system
(2017-01-01)
Singharat, Kanchai
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Sangkarak, Sirirat
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Pongsuk, Onuma
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
Biogas production from bakery wastewater was studied using a semi-continuous, two-stage anaerobic digestion system, consisting of 2 l-first-stage digester and 5 l-second-stage digester under temperature of 35°C. Substrate feed rates were examined in a batch experiment by varying in the range of 50 to 200 ml/l/d. Characteristics of substrate and effluent of the digester (i.e. pH, SS, TS, VS, VFAs, COD, sCOD, TN, TP, TSO 2- <inf>4</inf> ), biogas yields and compositions were investigated. The experimental results showed that substrate feed rate of 100 ml/l/d produced maximum yield of biogas. The biogas yield was directly proportional to concentration of VFAs in the second-stage digester. The approximate pH values in the first stage and the second stage digesters were 6.13 and 7.25, respectively. The average biogas yield of 0.481 l/ g VS removed and 0.609 l/ g sCOD removed was observed at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 days. Biogas contained 46.4%-60.8% methane. Removal efficiencies of SS, VS, COD and sCOD in this system were 85.58%, 93.35%, 87.91% and 75%, respectively. The amounts of total nitrogen and total phosphorus after digestion increased whereas that of sulfate decreased.
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Modeling haze problems in the North of Thailand using logistic regression
(2014-01-01)
Pimpunchat, Busayamas
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Sirimangkhala, Khwansiri
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
At present, air pollution is a major problem in the upper northern region of Thailand. Air pollutants have an effect on human health, the economy and the traveling industry. The severity of this problem clearly appears every year during the dry season, from February to April. In particular it becomes very serious in March, especially in Chiang Mai province where smoke haze is a major issue. This study looked into related data from 2005-2010 covering eight principal parameters: PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 10 micrometer), CO (carbon monoxide), NO<inf>2</inf> (nitrogen dioxide), SO<inf>2</inf> (sulphur dioxide), RH (relative humidity), NO (nitrogen oxide), pressure, and rainfall. Overall haze problem occurrence was calculated from a logistic regression model. Its dependence on the eight parameters stated above was determined for design conditions using the correlation coefficients with PM10. The proposed overall haze problem modeling can be used as a quantitative assessment criterion for supporting decision making to protect human health. This study proposed to predict haze problem occurrence in 2011. The agreement of the results from the mathematical model with actual measured PM10 concentration data from the Pollution Control Department was quite satisfactory.
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Size distribution of atmospheric particulates and particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and characteristics of PAHs during haze period in Lampang Province, Northern Thailand
(2013-06-01)
Phoothiwut, Sawan
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
Size distributions of atmospheric particulates and particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs) in different inhalable fractions (9.0-5.8, 5.8-4.7, 4.7-3.3, 3.3-2.1, 2.1-1.1, 1.1-0.7, 0.7-0.4, and <0.4 μm) were investigated during a haze period in Lampang Province, Northern Thailand. The particulate samples were collected using an eight-stage cascade impactor. The sample filter in each stage was weighed to determine concentration followed by ultrasonic extraction with acetonitrile and then analysis using selected ion monitoring-gas chromatograph-mass spectrophotometer to identify 16 PAHs. Similarly, smoke emission from burning rice straw in the rice field and air sample during non-burning period were also analyzed. In this study, the particle size fractions were classified into three different size ranges according to their mechanism of formation: ultrafine particles (nuclei mode, d <inf>ae</inf> < 0.4 μm), fine particles (accumulation mode, 0.4 μm < d <inf>ae</inf> < 2.1 μm) and coarse particles (d <inf>ae</inf> > 2.1 μm). Experimental results show that the average concentration of particulate matter less than 10 μm during the haze period was 3.5 times higher than that during the non-burning period. The atmospheric aerosols during the haze period contained the largest fraction of particles in nuclei mode while the emission during rice straw burning introduced the largest fraction of particles in accumulation mode. The size distributions of total PAHs during the haze period and rice straw burning were shifted towards the smaller particles relative to their particle size distribution. The size distributions of total PAHs were bimodal during the haze period and unimodal during rice straw burning. The fractions of five- and six-ring PAHs bound on the particles were predominantly detected during the haze period whilst those of three- and four-ring PAH compounds were mainly found in smoke emitted from rice straw burning. The ratio of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic PAH compounds during the haze period was composed of more carcinogenic PAHs than that during rice straw burning. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
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Factors affecting biohydrogen production by unicellular halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica
(2013-04-01)
Taikhao, Samart
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Junyapoon, Suwannee
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Incharoensakdi, Aran
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Phunpruch, Saranya
The effects of several physiological parameters on H<inf>2</inf> production rate in the unicellular halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica were investigated. Under nitrogen deprivation, the growth of cells was inhibited, but H<inf>2</inf> production rate was enhanced approximately fourfold. Interestingly, cells grown under sulfur deprivation exhibited a decrease in cell growth, H<inf>2</inf> production rate, and bidirectional hydrogenase activity. Glucose was the preferred sugar source for H<inf>2</inf> production by A. halophytica, but H<inf>2</inf> production decreased at high glucose concentrations. H<inf>2</inf> production rate was optimum when cells were grown in the presence of 0. 75 M NaCl, or 0. 4 μM Fe3+, or 1 μM Ni2+. The optimum light intensity and temperature for H<inf>2</inf> production were 30 μmol photons m-2 s-1 and 35 °C, respectively. A two-stage culture of A. halophytica was performed in order to overcome the reduction of cell growth in N-free medium. In the first stage, cells were grown in normal medium to accumulate biomass, and in the second stage, H<inf>2</inf> production by the obtained biomass was induced by growing cells in N-free medium supplemented with various chemicals for 24 h. A. halophytica grown in N-free medium containing various MgSO<inf>4</inf> concentrations had a high H<inf>2</inf> production rate between 11. 432 and 12. 767 μmol H<inf>2</inf> mg chlorophyll a (chl a)-1 h-1, a 30-fold increase compared to cells grown in normal medium. The highest rate of 13. 804 μmol H<inf>2</inf> mg chl a-1 h-1 was obtained when the N-free growth medium contained 0. 4 μM Fe3+. These results suggested the possibility of using A. halophytica and some other halotolerant cyanobacteria thriving under extreme environmental conditions in the sea as potential sources for H<inf>2</inf> production in the future. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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