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Modification of silk fibroin film structure: From silkworm diet to material properties
(2025-06-01)
Kaewpirom, Supranee
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Teangtam, Watcharin
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Monthatong, Monthira
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Boonsang, Siridech
This study investigates the structural modification of silk fibroin films through dietary supplementation of Bombyx mori silkworms with probiotics (lived L. pentosus SF66) and paraprobiotics (heat-killed L. pentosus SF66). Physical appearance, tensile properties, and morphology of reeled silk fibers were characterized. Fibers were purified and dialyzed to obtain aqueous silk fibroin solutions, which were cast into regenerated films (CON-F, PRO[sbnd]F, and PARA-F). Dietary supplementation influenced the film-forming properties of silk fibroin. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that crystallinity decreased in the order CON-F > PARA-F > PRO-F, corresponding to reduced β-sheet content and increased random coil conformations. Both probiotic and paraprobiotic supplementation demonstrated mechanisms for modulating silk fibroin conformational transitions and structural organization. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of key silk fibroin genes (fibroin heavy chain, fibroin light chain (fib-l), and 25-kD polypeptide protein) demonstrated elevated expression in the paraprobiotic-supplemented group, with fib-l showing the most pronounced upregulation. A mechanistic model explaining how these nutritional interventions affect silk film formation is proposed. These findings provide insights for developing targeted nutritional strategies to modify the secondary protein structure of regenerated silk films.
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Tailoring silk fibroin hydrophilicity and physicochemical properties using sugar alcohols for medical device coatings
(2024-12-01)
Kaewpirom, Supranee
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Piboonnithikasem, Sarayoot
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Sroisroemsap, Pongsathorn
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Uttoom, Sittichai
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Boonsang, Siridech
This study explores the modification of silk fibroin films for hydrophilic coating applications using various sugar alcohols. Films, prepared via solvent casting, incorporated glycerol, sorbitol, and maltitol, revealing distinctive transparency and UV absorption characteristics based on sugar alcohol chemical structures. X-ray diffraction confirmed a silk I to silk II transition influenced by sugar alcohols. Glycerol proved most effective in enhancing the β-sheet structure. The study also elucidated a conformational shift towards a β-sheet structure induced by sugar alcohols. Silk fibroin–sugar alcohol blind docking and sugar alcohol-sugar alcohol blind docking investigations were conducted utilizing the HDOCK Server. The computer simulation unveiled the significance of size and hydrogen bonding characteristics inherent in sugar alcohols, emphasizing their pivotal role in influencing interactions within silk fibroin matrices. Hydrophilicity of ozonized silicone surfaces improved through successful coating with silk fibroin films, particularly glycerol-containing ones, resulting in reduced contact angles. Strong adhesion between silk fibroin films and ozonized silicone surfaces was evident, indicating robust hydrogen bonding interactions. This comprehensive research provides crucial insights into sugar alcohols’ potential to modify silk fibroin film crystalline structures, offering valuable guidance for optimizing their design and functionality, especially in silicone coating applications.
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Citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose edible films: A case study on preserving freshness in bananas
(2024-05-01)
Nongnual, Teeranan
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Butprom, Nattawut
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Boonsang, Siridech
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Kaewpirom, Supranee
The study involves the preparation and characterization of crosslinked-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films using varying amounts of citric acid (CA) within the range 5 %–20 %, w/w, relative to the dry weight of CMC. Through techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, carbonyl content analysis, and gel fraction measurements, the successful crosslinking between CMC and CA is confirmed. The investigation includes an analysis of chemical structure, physical and optical characteristics, swelling behavior, water vapor transmission rate, moisture content, and surface morphologies. The water resistance of the cross-linked CMC films exhibited a significant improvement when compared to the non-crosslinked CMC film. The findings indicated that films crosslinked with 10 % CA demonstrated favorable properties for application as edible coatings. These transparent films, ideal for packaging, prove effective in preserving the quality and sensory attributes of fresh bananas, including color retention, minimized weight loss, slowed ripening through inhibiting amyloplast degradation, and enhanced firmness during storage.
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Evaluation of Micro- and Nano-Bismuth(III) Oxide Coated Fabric for Environmentally Friendly X-Ray Shielding Materials
(2022-08-16)
Kaewpirom, Supranee
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Chousangsuntorn, Khaisang
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Boonsang, Siridech
This research focuses on the development of environmentally friendly textile-based shielding composites, from micro-sized and nanosized Bi<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>particles, against ionizing radiation. Polyester fabric dyne-coated with either micro- or nano-Bi<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>particles shields some X-rays but the effectiveness is poor. With only ∼58% uptake of micro-sized Bi<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>particles dyeing on polyester fabric, the insufficient amount of Bi<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>leaded to the low density of particles, resulting in only 30% of X-ray shielding at 80 kVp. Cotton fabric coated with either micro- or nano-Bi<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites, on the other hand, demonstrated the capacity to attenuate X-ray generated by high diagnostic X-ray tube voltages of 70-100 kVp, in compliance with medical protection requirements. The X-ray attenuation performance of cotton fabric coated with either micro-Bi<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/PVA or nano-Bi<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/PVA nanocomposite decreased progressively with increasing tube acceleration voltages, however their ionizing radiation-shielding performance enhanced with the number of fabric layers. Interestingly, for all X-ray tube voltages evaluated, the micro-Bi<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/PVA composite outperformed the nano- Bi<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/PVA composite in terms of X-ray shielding. At a weight ratio of 66.7% Bi<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, 10 layers of cotton fabric coated with micro- Bi<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/PVA composite can attenuate 90, 85, and 80% of X-ray photons at 70, 80, and 100 kVp, respectively. As a result, these less harmful X-ray shielding materials have the potential to replace lead-based composites, which are highly toxic to human health and have negative environmental consequences.
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Optical and Structural Properties of Insoluble and Flexible Biodegradable Regenerated Silk Films for Optically Transparent Hydrophilic Coating of Medical Devices
(2022-03-01)
Kaewpirom, Supranee
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Boonsang, Siridech
Many medical equipment, such as tubes, lenses, and disposable plastic slides, require improved wettability to perform properly with physiological fluids and tissues. The authors proposes the regeneration of silk cocoons into insoluble and flexible regenerated silk fibroin (SF) films allowed for the development of novel materials with distinct and convincing characteristics. The SF films with glycerol modifications are created using a casting/solvent evaporation technique to provide a flexible and optically transparent hydrophilic coating. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction reveal a structural shift in glycerol-induced SF films, where the random coil and helical structure content reduce while the β-sheet structure increases significantly. All of the proposed SF films have an outstanding transmission of approximately 90% in the visible range and a UV-shield characteristic. Tensile tests reveal that glycerol-plasticized SF films are soft and extremely flexible, with a high Young's modulus and moderate tensile strength. The adhesion strength of the SF films is assessed as 5B at 10–20% wt of glycerol, suggesting outstanding adhesion strength on the silanized glass surface. At 30% w/w glycerol, the SF film has the greatest swelling ratio of 95.3 ± 0.5% and the lowest water contact angle of 23.2°.
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Preliminary Study of Alternative Environmentally Friendly X-ray Shielding Materials Based on Nano-bismuth (III) Oxide Coated Fabric
(2022-03-01)
Suriwong, Natcha
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Janjaroen, Jaroon
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Chousangsuntorn, Khaisang
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Kaewpirom, Supranee
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Boonsang, Siridech
Chest X-ray is the first imaging procedure that play an important role in identification of COVID-19 as well as medical diagnostic and treatment of COVID-19 patients, in order to increase recovery rates and to lower fatality rates. Regardless of their environmental disadvantages and high toxicity, lead aprons are important materials for personal protection of physicians and patients from X-ray radiation during medical operations. Typically, for standard lead protective aprons, the transmittance values for lite-lead (LL) and regular lead (RL) were approximately 18 % and 17 %, respectively. With an aim to find new materials possibly to replace toxic lead-shielding products, in this study, an environmentally friendly and flexible fabric-based radiation shielding material was manufactured. Polyester fabric was coated by Bi2O3 nano particles using a simple, scalable, and cost-effective method to deposit the nano-particles onto the textile fabric surface. This application method allows the potential production of nano-Bi2O3 coated polyester fabric at the maximum %uptake of 45 and mass per unit area of 0.41 g/cm2 for 1 layer fabric. Radiation attenuation of the fabric increased with the numbers of fabric layers. Five layers of the fabric showed X-ray transmission of approximately 85% when measured at 80 kVp tube voltage, the medical application standard. To increase X-ray protection ability, the nano-Bi2O3 coated polyester fabric surface was recoated with PVA/ Bi2O3 coating composites using K-hand coater. The potential application of the recoated fabric as environmentally friendly and flexible fabric-based radiation shielding material for X-ray attenuation was also demonstrated. The 5-layer PLA/nano-Bi2O3 coated fabric showed the lowest X-ray transmission of 65.7%, implying the moderate improvement of shielding ability. This could lead to an X-ray protection textile garment that can potentially replace lead aprons.
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Influence of alcohol treatments on properties of silk-fibroin-based films for highly optically transparent coating applications
(2020-04-21)
Kaewpirom, Supranee
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Boonsang, Siridech
Thin films of silk fibroin were prepared by solvent evaporation from calcium chloride/ethanol aqueous solution. The influence of alcohol treatments on thermal, mechanical and optical properties of silk-fibroin-based film is presented. To understand the conformal structure of the alcohol-treated silk fibroin film, the IR spectral decomposition method is employed. The optical properties especially the optical transparency, haze and fluorescence emission of alcohol-treated silk fibroin film is systematically investigated together with the conformal structure to understand the effect of the fibril such as the beta-sheet influencing the optical properties. Monohydric alcohol treatment increased beta-turn content in the regenerated silk fibroin structure. These affected the amount of light diffusion and scattering within silk-fibroin films. With alcohol-treatment, all the silk-fibroin films exhibit exceptional optical transparency (>90%) with different levels of optical haze (2.56-14.17%). In particular, ethanol-treated silk-fibroin films contain the highest content of beta-turns (22.8%). The ethanol-treated silk-fibroin films displayed a distinct interference of oscillating crests and troughs in the UV-Vis transmittance spectra, thereby showing the lowest optical haze of 2.56%. In contrast, the silk-fibroin films treated with methanol and propanol exhibit the highest (14.17%) and second-highest (10.29%) optical transmittance haze, respectively. The beta-turn content of the silk-fibroin films treated with methanol is the lowest (20.5%). These results show the relationship between the beta-turn content and optical haze properties. The results manifestly provide a method to manufacture exceptional optically transparent silk-fibroin films with adjustable light diffusion and scattering which can be designed to meet specific applications with the potential to provide UV-shielding protection via monohydric alcohol treatment.
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A Real-time rheological measurement for biopolymer 3D printing process
(2018-01-01)
Yokpradit, Anchyza
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Tongloy, Teerawat
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Kaewpirom, Supranee
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Boonsang, Siridech
Biopolymers combined with 3D printing technology for tissue engineering have been extensively used in many biomedical applications such as organ and tissue regeneration. The 3D printing technology generally relies on a continuous dispensing process, which is usually known as complicated dynamic processes. This is primarily caused by the rheological properties of materials. In addition, the primary concern for biopolymer printing is the timedependent variation of material properties such as viscosity during the printing process. The variation of rheological properties significantly affects the printing process especially the volume flow rate control. In general, the measurement of rheological properties is carried out before the dispensing process. The setting up of fluid flow control is usually performed according to parameters derived from the premeasured rheological values. However, such a method may not provide optimized parameters for printing control with some biopolymers. An innovative method of measuring rheological properties is proposed in this paper. An image processing procedure is employed to determine the fluid flow at a certain time in the fluid dispensing process. Experiments were carried out in which the rheological properties of poly- (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly-(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/CS) aqueous solutions used for dispensing the polymers were evaluated at different time stamps and applied pressures. The measured flow rates were used to construct a pressure-dependent fluid flow rate curve as a function of time to identify the rheological properties of fluid materials under specific times and conditions.
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Effect of concentrated natural rubber latex on the properties and degradation behavior of cotton-fiber-reinforced cassava starch biofoam
(2017-12-01)
Sanhawong, Wanchinee
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Banhalee, Pakamas
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Boonsang, Siridech
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Kaewpirom, Supranee
Eco-friendly starch biofoams derived from natural rubber were fabricated in this study. To overcome their two main shortcomings, i.e., lack of flexibility and susceptibility to moisture, cotton fiber and concentrated natural rubber latex (CNRL) were incorporated into the biofoam products. Cotton-fiber-reinforced cassava starch biofoams were successfully prepared by compression molding using water as the solvent, a processing aid, and a blowing agent. The morphology and the physical, flexural, and thermal properties of the starch biofoams as a function of the CNRL content were investigated. The moisture adsorption capacity of the foam decreased with increasing CNRL content up to 5 phr (−73.4% and −41.78% at 0 and 100% RH, respectively). With increasing CNRL content, the hydrophobicity of the biofoam increased, as evidenced by contact angle measurements; this result suggested better moisture resistance and dimensional stability. The flexural properties of the biofoams were tuned by adjusting the CNRL content. With the addition of the CNRL content of 2.5 phr, the elongation of the biofoam clearly improved by 24%, with an acceptable decrease (−2.2%) in the bending modulus. Biodegradation by the soil burial test revealed that the degradation of the biofoam mainly proceeds by hydrolysis, and the addition of CNRL retards the degradation of the biofoam.
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Enhanced electrostatic dissipative properties of chitosan/gelatin composite films filled with reduced graphene oxide
(2017-01-01)
Srihata, Weerachon
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Jamnongkan, Tongsai
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Rattanasak, Ubolluk
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Boonsang, Siridech
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Kaewpirom, Supranee
Conducting polymers based on inorganic particle filled composites are versatile materials applying widely in electronic devices including electrostatic dissipative (ESD) materials. This study focuses on low-cost fabrication, mechanical and electrical properties of eco-friendly ESD materials based on chitosan/gelatin biocomposite films filled with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Experimental results demonstrated that rGO can improve the electrical conductivity of such biocomposites and make them suitable for ESD applications. rGO was prepared by chemical reduction of graphene oxide, earlier prepared by oxidizing of natural graphite in strong acid condition. Morphology and thermal properties of the biocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Tensile stress–strain tests revealed that Young’s modulus of the composites increased sharply with ncreasing rGO content from 0 to 10 %wt, while the tensile strength increased progressively with rGO content up to 30 %wt. The effect of rGO content on volume resistivity of the composites was also investigated. The electrical percolation threshold of the resistivity was in the concentration range 20–30 %wt, where the resistivity of the composite reduced by 71.3 %. Conclusively, the results provide a cheap method to manufacture eco-friendly ESD materials with adequate mechanical properties, which beneficial for the new designed ESD materials for electronic applications.

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