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Author: search.filters.author.Kanyawongha, PornthiwaSubject: search.filters.subject.Rice

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    Six years monitoring of the promising low grain-Cd accumulating rice, RD15 cultivar grown on Cd-contaminated paddy soils
    (2020-01-01)
    Sriprachote, Anongnat
    ;
    Kanyawongha, Pornthiwa
    ;
    Boonplang, Nutcharee
    ;
    Phanchindawan, Naree
    The experiment was conducted on the Cd-contaminated paddy field, two of Thai rice cultivars, the prevailing KDML105 and RD15 were included together with determining grain-Cd accumulation. The results had revealed that the RD15 contained Cd in grains not only lower than KDML105 but also lower than the critical level as proposed by Codex (0.4 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> polished rice). Thus, the RD15 was selected as the promising low grain-Cd accumulating rice cultivar, and farmers were encouraged to grow this cultivar. The grains of prevailing and promising rice cultivars were annually collected for Cd analysis. After six-years monitoring, the results revealed that the average concentration of Cd in KDML105 was 0.658 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, which exceeded the critical level. On the other hand, the average concentration observed in RD15 (0.127 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) was lower than the critical level. The human dietary intake of Cd through rice consumption was calculated, comparing to the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) as adopted by FAO/WHO (7 ug Cd kg<sup>-1</sup> BW per week), the PTWI of KDML105 was far exceeded the critical level. Contrary, the RD15 had the PTWI lower than the critical level. Present results indicated that, by cultivating RD15 the promising low-grain Cd cultivar, Cd intake together with health risk of human could be reduced.
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    Current situation of cadmium-polluted paddy soil, rice and soybean in the mae sot district, tak province, thailand
    (2012-01-01)
    Sriprachote, Anongnat
    ;
    Kanyawongha, Pornthiwa
    ;
    Ochiai, Kumiko
    ;
    Matoh, Toru
    Since 2002, a joint research team from the International Water Management Institute and the Department of Agriculture, Thai Government, has reported that there are cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy fields in northern Thailand. We evaluated the current situation of the Cd-polluted paddy fields in this report. Home-consumed rice grains were collected from all 23 households in the village of Pha Te, Mae Sot District of Tak Province, Thailand. The Cd concentration in unhusked rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains ranged from 0.04 to 1.75 mg Cd kg<sup>1</sup>, and the rice of more than half of the households contained Cd levels higher than the critical level of 0.4 mg Cd kg<sup>1</sup> polished rice, which is CODEX standard. Among the paddy fields, we selected one plot (1.2 ha) and analyzed Cd concentrations of the soil, and rice and soybean (Glycine max L.) grains. In this area, a rotation cropping system of wet-season rice and dry-season soybean is common practice. The soil Cd concentration ranged from 0.31 to 13.9 mg Cd kg<sup>1</sup> (total Cd) and 0.030 to 13.3 mg Cd kg<sup>1</sup> [extracted with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl)], the Cd concentration in the rice grains ranged from 0.12 to 1.27 mg Cd kg<sup>1</sup>, and that in the soybean grains ranged from 0.07 to 0.80 mg Cd kg<sup>1</sup>. The soil extractable Cd concentration was well reflected in the soybean grain Cd levels (r<sup>2</sup> ¼ 0.581), but not in the rice grain levels (r<sup>2</sup> ¼ 0.015), suggesting that rice grain Cd levels are influenced not only by the soil Cd concentration, but by other factors as well, such as soil water regime and soil pH. However, a significant difference in the grain-Cd concentration was found; that is, lower Cd in the cultivar ‘‘Khao’ Khaeng’’ and higher in the ‘‘Khao Dawk Mali 105’’, which suggests a possibility of selecting a rice cultivar having low-grain Cd.