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Grounded Capacitive Sensor Readout Using Improved Guard Driving Circuit
(2025-01-01)
Chimnoy, Jirat
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Karawanich, Khunanon
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Prommee, Pipat
A remote capacitive sensor is necessary in hazardous locations such as liquid boilers and chemical facilities. The connection of the capacitive sensor and coaxial cable is integrated with the readout circuit, encompassing intrinsic noise and parasitic capacitance limitations. This work presents a grounded capacitive sensor with an economical architecture incorporating an RC lowpass filter and an enhanced guard driving circuit. The proposed technique effectively achieves minimal parasitic capacitance and reduced noise at the output. The sensor capacitance can be readily calculated by measuring the output signal's amplitude at the cutoff frequency. Both simulation and experimental findings corroborate its efficacy and precision. The capacitance range can be quantified between 1-100 pF with less than 2% relative errors.
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Dynamic Analysis of the Coexisting Attractors in a Novel Chaotic System with a Quintic Function
(2025-01-01)
Karawanich, Khunanon
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Prommee, Pipat
The discovery of complex dynamic behavior in simple chaotic systems has always been of research interest and is valuable for applications in various fields. This article presents a simple 3D novel chaotic system with a Quintic function. The system has rich dynamic behaviors and has five equilibriums from a Quintic function. The paper aims to analyze the complex dynamic as the coexisting attractor and multi-stability. The instruments for analysis in scrupulously viz phase portraits, the bifurcation, Poincaré section, the basin of attraction, power spectrum, etc. The basic properties of the system are presented by theoretical and numerical analysis. The several types of coexisting attractors are identified by using the power spectrum in preliminary. The range of the coexisting attractor is extended results by using the basin of attraction. Finally, utilizing coexisting attractors of a chaotic system in applications such as secure communication can enhance performance in cases like multikey encryption and chaotic steganography.
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A Novel Fractional Chaotic System with the 3-scroll and 4-scroll Chaotic Attractors and Impact of Memory Effect
(2025-01-01)
Karawanich, Khunanon
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Prommee, Pipat
In the last few decades, a fractional calculus in chaotic systems has been widely researched due to its delicacy in engineering applications. This research has proposed a novel fractional-order chaotic system with a multi-scroll chaotic attractor. The system can generate 3-scroll and 4-scroll chaotic attractors by only adjusting a fractional order. The mathematical model is described by using the Caputo derivative form. The basic dynamic is analyzed as a stability condition, Lyapunov exponent, Kaplan-Yorke dimension, etc. The memory effect is one of the unique properties of a fractional-order chaotic system. This research discussed the memory effect by using the Kernel function of Mittag-Leffler. The results reveal that the long-time simulation of the system affects the characteristic of chaotic behavior for 3-scroll and 4-scroll chaotic attractors due to the memory effect. It confirms that fractional-order systems exhibit inherent memory properties, which effectively enhance the accuracy of prediction and forecasting applications.
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Extracting the Single-Dispersion Fractional Cole–Cole Bioimpedance Model Based on Low-Pass Filter Technique
(2025-01-01)
Prommee, Pipat
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Chimnoy, Jirat
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Karawanich, Khunanon
This article presents a simple approach to extracting the parameters of the single-dispersion Cole–Cole bioimpedance model. The main advantage of the proposed technique is that it is low-cost but accurate in identifying the bioimpedance models. The Cole–Cole model is simplified as a fractional low-pass filter (LPF) using a few electronic components. Based on a low-component count, the circuit can be realized using only a single operational amplifier (OPAMP), two resistors, and two potentiometers (POTs). The proposed technique can achieve a minimal error compared to the theory, ensuring accuracy. The Cole–Cole model parameter values can be extracted by measuring the filter magnitude and phase responses. The LPF topology inherently provides a low-noise output signal. Experimental results using different fruits are carried out to verify the method and compared with measurements from a commercial impedance analyzer to confirm the accuracy of the results, with the maximum errors of R<inf>0</inf>,R<inf>∞</inf>, α, and C<inf>α</inf> being 0.94%, 2.41%, 0.85%, and 1.52%, respectively. The proposed new efficient technique provides excellent results in extracting the Cole–Cole parameters and agrees with the theoretical expectations.
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Image cryptography communication using FPAA-based multi-scroll chaotic system
(2024-03-01)
Karawanich, Khunanon
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Chimnoy, Jirat
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Khateb, Fabian
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Marwan, Muhammad
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Prommee, Pipat
This research presents an image cryptography communication system based on a novel 3D high-complex chaotic system. The chaotic system is implemented by field programmable analog array (FPAA), which is a conveniently reconfigurable system. The image cryptography communication system is realized using low-cost microcontrollers and commercially available devices. The proposed chaotic system based on the jerk model incorporated two different nonlinear functions that can generate single-scroll, double-scroll, three-scroll, four-scroll, and six-scroll attractors by adjusting only one coefficient. The fundamental dynamical properties of the proposed system are investigated, viz., equilibria and stability, dissipative, phase portraits, bifurcation, and Lyapunov exponent, etc. The four-scroll attractor of the proposed system is applied in image encryption. The multi-scroll attractor’s characteristic in this work can achieve relatively high complexity, with a high Kaplan–Yorke dimension of up to 2.45. The performances of the multi-scroll chaotic using FPAAs are proven by comparing the experimental and numerical results. The image cryptography communication system based on the chaotic masking method (CM) has been tested around 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> bits under 9600 bps. The measuring signals of the image cryptography communication system are demonstrated in different scenarios. The experimental results can be ensured that mismatched parameters give the complete cipher image if and only if the bit error rate is more significant than 490,000 × 10<sup>–6</sup>.
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Low-Cost Technique for Extracting the Cole-Cole Model Parameters
(2024-01-01)
Chimnoy, Jirat
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Karawanich, Khunanon
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Prommee, Pipat
This paper proposed a new efficient approach for extracting the parameters of the Cole-Cole impedance model. The main offered advantage is simple and low-cost but accurate in identifying the constant phase element from the bioimpedance models. The Cole-Cole model is simplified as a low-pass filter (LPF) by using a few electronic components. The magnitude and phase response of LPF characteristics are applied to calculate the fractional order (α) and value of the capacitor. This technique offers low complexity and low-cost equipment. The circuit can be realized by a low-component count based on a single OPAMP and four resistors. PSpice simulation with a Cole model is carried out to verify the method. The simulation results are in good agreement with the theory expectations.
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Realization of image cryptography using FPAA-based two chaotic systems
(2023-01-01)
Sanprang, Pitipat
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Amornsusawad, Chinnapat
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Boonmak, Kuntapong
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Chimnoy, Jirat
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Karawanich, Khunanon
This paper presents a data cryptography system based on chaotic systems (Lorenz and jerk). The system implementation consists of Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) and a microcontroller for transmit and receiver sides. MATLAB/Simulink provides the simulation results in various parameters. The experimental setup is exhibited by applying the data of digital pictures, which are encrypted by the selected chaos model and transmitted by using the serial port. The receiver can be correctly decrypted if and only if the chosen chaos model and parameters are perfectly matched with the transmitter. The experimental results of BER were measured around $42.39\times 10^{-6}$ for the Lorenz system and $38.29\times 10^{-6}$ for the jerk system with a time of approximately 24 minutes to recover all 10,002,432 bits
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A four-scroll chaotic generator based on two nonlinear functions and its telecommunications cryptography application
(2022-12-01)
Karawanich, Khunanon
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Kumngern, Montree
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Chimnoy, Jirat
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Prommee, Pipat
This paper describes a new chaotic jerk system based on two different nonlinear functions. The modified signum and rectangular functions are incorporated into the system at different positions. The system can generate double-scroll and new four-scroll chaotic attractors by adjusting only one coefficient (k). The chaotic behaviors of the proposed system are investigated by the Lyapunov spectrum and period distribution of state variable × of the bifurcations. The complexity of the proposed chaotic system is computed by the Kaplan-Yorke dimension of 2.30. The coexisting attractors and basin of attraction are also included to verify the system's dynamic to the initial conditions. The PCB prototype's commercially available OPAMP and passive components are realized to confirm the numerical studies. The experimental results and the numerical results are agreeable in signals and attractors. The chaotic masking method is applied for encrypting the data for secure communication. The efficient encrypted signal can be obtained, and the decrypted data can be correctly received after successful synchronization.
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High-complex chaotic system based on new nonlinear function and OTA-based circuit realization
(2022-09-01)
Karawanich, Khunanon
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Prommee, Pipat
This research proposes a chaotic system using a new modified rectangular nonlinear function based on the principle of the third-order jerk concept. The dynamic behaviors can be realized by manipulating only one parameter from periodic, non-periodic, single-scroll, and double-scroll attractors. The proposed chaotic system can achieve relatively high-complexity chaotic behavior, as evident in the comparatively high Kaplan-Yorke dimension (D<inf>KY</inf> = 2.43) with the existing jerk systems. The performances of the proposed chaotic system are also computed and simulated through the MATLAB numerical analysis, including scenarios of bifurcations branches, Lyapunov exponents, route to chaos, phase portraits, 0–1 test charts, and Poincaré map. The proposed system analyzes the coexistence of asymmetric or symmetric attractors confirmed with basins of attraction to highlight the presence of multiple attractors, which influence initial conditions. In addition, the system's offset boosting and amplitude control are included. Furthermore, a double-scroll attractor and a four-scroll attractor can also be achieved by placing nonlinear functions at different positions in the third-order system., The circuits of the proposed chaotic systems can be conveniently realized using commercially available operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and capacitors. The performances of the circuit are also proven through the experimental results compared with the numerical results. The experimental results exhibit the ease of construction based on the new nonlinear function and are suitable for applying in the data encryptions.
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Low-Cost Linearity Range Enhancement for Linear Variable Differential Transformer
(2022-02-15)
Prommee, Pipat
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Angkeaw, Krit
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Karawanich, Khunanon
This research proposes a low-cost and low-complexity technique to enhance the linearity range of linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) using logarithmic approximation and summing/subtracting operation. The proposed technique utilizes the feedforward approach and thus encounters no divide-by-zero behavior from inverse functions. The nonlinearity of LVDT can be counteracted by simply manipulating the parameters of the canceller circuit. Besides, the proposed technique can be applied to various LVDT nonlinearity types. The proposed linear enhancing circuit consists of operational amplifiers and a small number of passive elements. The nonlinearity cancellation could be further enhanced using a temperature-compensation circuit. Simulations were carried out using two different LVDT nonlinearity types: LVDT#1 and #2. The simulation results showed that the linearity enhancing circuit effectively enhances the LVDT linearity range, with the linearity errors of 0.51% and 1.83%, respectively. To validate, experiments were undertaken with the identical LVDT nonlinearity types using a circuit prototype, and the measured linearity errors are around 2.5% and 5.5%, respectively. The simulation and experimental results are agreeable with the theory, indicating that the proposed technique enhances the linearity range.

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