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Author: search.filters.author.Kasamwan, TeeratSubject: search.filters.subject.Coastal bay

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    A One-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Oil Spill Control in a Coastal Bay Using a Fourth-Order Explicit Finite Difference Method
    (2025-01-01)
    Kasamwan, Teerat
    ;
    Pochai, Nopparat
    Oil spills in the sea have both short-term and long-term consequences that need proper management and restoration. The damage can take years or even decades to recover fully. Methods like absorbents, dispersants, bioremediation, mechanical recovery, and in-situ burning are used to mitigate the impacts of oil spills. Each method has its limitations and should be chosen carefully based on the severity of the spill to minimize environmental damage and restore marine ecosystems effectively. This research considers a one-dimensional mathematical model for an oil spill in a coastal bay, incorporating delayed removal mechanisms. The governing equation for an oil spill in this coastal bay context with delayed removal is introduced, alongside the initial condition and boundary conditions associated with oil spill scenarios. A mathematical model is proposed to simulate delayed removal mechanisms. The model solutions are approximated using a fourth-order forward time-centered space finite difference method. The simulations explore two scenarios: instant and delayed removal mechanisms. In the instant removal scenarios, simple average rates of oil removal and basic water flow behaviors are modeled, while the delayed removal scenarios simulate more realistic oil spill conditions. Consequently, the concentration of oil relative to source rate over time is analyzed. The simulations reveal that as the efficiency of the removal mechanism improves, the oil concentration decreases over time. Physically, this reflects that effective management of oil removal leads to a progressive reduction in oil concentration as time advances. According to the research, oil spill concentration is reduced when oil removal mechanisms are more effective. By contrasting a second forward time center space technique and a fourth-order forward time center space technique, it shows the significance of selecting the most effective method for a given simulation circumstance. The simulation results indicate that the concentration associated with the delayed removal mechanism yields less favorable recovery outcomes compared to the prompt removal mechanism across all scenarios. This observation is consistent with the fundamental principle that effective oil spill management should result in a reduction in oil concentration within marine environments. The findings of this study underscore that, in all cases, postponed oil removal exacerbates the detrimental impact on seawater recovery relative to expeditious removal. Consequently, the prompt and efficient removal of oil spills is imperative in mitigating the extent of oil contamination in marine waters.
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    One-dimensional Numerical Simulations of Oil Spill in a Coastal Bay with Delayed Removal Mechanisms
    (2025-01-01)
    Kasamwan, Teerat
    ;
    Pochai, Nopparat
    Oil spills in marine and coastal areas can result from various activities, such as oil drilling, transportation, shipping, tank cleaning, illegal disposal of oil-contaminated or used water, and accidents like ship collisions or sinking incidents. These events result in oil slicks or tar balls that form in the sea and eventually drift towards the coast. There are many methods for addressing oil spills, such as containment, employing skimmers, chemical dispersants, bioremediation, burning, beach cleanup, environmental restoration, and monitoring and assessing long-term impacts on the shoreline. A delay in oil spill response can have severe consequences for both the environment and local economies. When oil spills occur, rapid and effective action is essential to minimize damage. Unfortunately, delays in response can exacerbate the problem and lead to more extensive environmental harm. In this research, a one-dimensional mathematical model for an oil spill in a coastal bay with delayed removal mechanisms is considered. The governing equation for an oil spill in a coastal bay with delayed removal mechanisms is introduced. The initial and boundary conditions for an oil spill in a coastal bay are also presented. A mathematical model incorporating delayed removal mechanisms is proposed. The solution of the proposed model is approximated using a finite difference method, specifically the forward time-centered space (FTCS) method. In the simulations, two scenarios are illustrated, namely, the instant removal mechanism scenarios and the delayed removal mechanism scenarios. In the instant removal mechanism scenarios, various average removal rates and basic water flow behaviors are simulated. In the delayed removal mechanism scenarios, realistic oil spill situations are considered. Therefore, the spillage rate and removal mechanism rate throughout the simulation period are analyzed. The simulation results show that the concentration of the late-coming removal mechanism leads to a poorer recovery outcome than the faster-coming removal mechanism in all scenarios. This aligns with the reality that when oil spill removal is effectively managed, the concentration of oil in the sea should decrease. The findings of this study demonstrate that, under all circumstances, delayed oil removal has more detrimental effects on seawater recovery than speedy removal. Therefore, removing oil spills quickly and effectively will significantly reduce the amount of oil in the water.