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Author: search.filters.author.Keeratirawee, KanchalarSubject: search.filters.subject.activated carbon

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    Low-Cost Activated Carbon for Methylene Blue Adsorption Using Inert Gas-Free Carbonization and Microwave Activation
    (2025-01-01)
    Kongtragoul, Pornprapa
    ;
    Keeratirawee, Kanchalar
    ;
    Choola-Aied, Orasa
    -This study investigated the preparation of activated carbon from spent coffee grounds for methylene blue adsorption using inert gas-free carbonization and microwave activation. Spent coffee grounds were obtained from a local coffee shop in Pathio, Chumphon, Thailand. The coffee grounds were pretreated with 1M H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> before undergoing carbonization at 600 ºC for 3 h in a limited-oxygen atmosphere. The obtained carbon materials were chemically activated with zinc chloride (ZnCl<inf>2</inf>) and physically activated using a microwave-assisted method at 300 W for 180 seconds. The adsorption of methylene blue was evaluated using a batch method. Methylene blue adsorption contact time, effect of pH, and initial concentration were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of the activated carbon for methylene blue removal was found to be 29.24 mg/g. The prepared activated carbon exhibited a BET surface area of 70.08 m<sup>2</sup>/g and reached equilibrium in 120 min at the optimum pH of 9. The adsorption isotherm was consistent with the Freundlich model, while the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. The findings indicate that activated carbon is a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent for methylene blue removal from aqueous solutions.
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    Preparation of Low-Cost Activated Carbon from Spent Coffee Grounds for Rhodamine B Removal
    (2025-01-01)
    Keeratirawee, Kanchalar
    ;
    Choola-aied, Orasa
    ;
    Kongtragoul, Pornprapa
    A low-cost coffee-based activated carbon for Rhodamine B (RhB) removal was investigated. Spent coffee grounds obtained from a local coffee shop in Pathio, Chumphon, Thailand, were utilized as the raw material to produce biochar. The coffee grounds were pre-treated by washing with 1M H2SO4 before carbonization at 600 ºC for 2 h under a limit-oxygen atmosphere. The acid washing process was found to be a promising method for preparing activated carbon without requiring an inert gas flow during the carbonization. This approach resulted in activated carbon free of ash after carbonization. The carbonized coffee grounds were activated using a microwave-assisted process with KOH as the activating agent. The performance of the prepared activated carbon for Rhodamine B adsorption was evaluated using the batch method. Key parameters, including initial concentration of Rhodamine B (3-11 mg/L), pH (3-11), and contact time (15-150 min), were optimized. The maximum adsorption capacity was 16 mg/g of adsorbents. The optimal pH for Rhodamine B adsorption was found to be 7. The adsorption of Rhodamine B onto the adsorbent fits a Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The study revealed that the prepared activated carbon from waste coffee grounds is an efficient and affordable solution for removing Rhodamine B contaminants from the water system.