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Author: search.filters.author.Kingnoi, NamthipSubject: search.filters.subject.Soft clay

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    Effect of carbonic anhydrase enzymes on strength of soil cement
    (2026-06-01)
    Kingnoi, Namthip
    ;
    Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
    ;
    Mase, Lindung Zalbuin
    ;
    Omar, Rohayu Che
    ;
    Chaiyaput, Salisa
    This research proposes the originality of using carbonic anhydrase (CA) biocatalyst enzyme with soil cement material for strength development. The soft Bangkok clay with cement up to 30 wt% of dried soil was prepared with the addition of CA at an amount of 100 µl and a concentration of 100 µM. The suitable preparation and curing method of soil cement containing CA was also investigated using different mixing methods (dry mixing and wet mixing) and curing conditions (air curing and plastic wrap curing) for up to 28 days. The improvement of soil cement strength was achieved by increasing cement content and curing time. The compressive strength of soil cement is highly improved with the addition of CA, particularly in the air-curing condition. The formation of CaCO<inf>3</inf> was observed with a tightened microstructure. In addition, the wet mixing method is favorable for improving strength with biocatalyst enzymes due to the dispersion of hydrated cement particles. Mixing small amounts of CA in soil cement not only enhances strength but also contributes to environmental sustainability, making it a viable option for sustainable future construction applications and adaptable ground improvement techniques.
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    Utilization of ladle furnace slag from a steelwork for stabilization of soil cement
    (2022-10-25)
    Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
    ;
    Kingnoi, Namthip
    ;
    Sukchaisit, Ochakkraphat
    ;
    Chaiyaput, Salisa
    Ladle furnace (LF) slag, waste from the steel-making process, was incorporated to improve the compressive strength of soil cement. LF slag was mixed to replace the cement in the soil-cement samples with wt% ratio 20:0, 15:5, and 10:10 of cement and slag, respectively. LF slag in the range of 5, 10, and 20 wt% was also separately added to the 20-wt% cement-treated soil samples. The soil-cement mixed LF slag samples were incubated in a plastic wrapping for 7, 14, and 28 days. The strength of soil cement was highly developed to be higher than the standard acceptable value (0.6 MPa) after incorporating slag into soil cement. The mixing of LF slag resulted in more hydration products for bonding soil particles, and hence improved the strength of soil cement. With the LF slag mixing either a replacement or additive materials in soil cement, the LF slag to cement ratio is considered to be less than 1, while the cement content should be more than 10 wt%. This is to promote a predominant effect of cement hydration by preventing the partially absorbed water on slag particles and keeping sufficient water content for the cement hydration in soil cement.
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    Effect of curing conditions on the strength of soil cement
    (2022-06-01)
    Chaiyaput, Salisa
    ;
    Arwaedo, Nakib
    ;
    Kingnoi, Namthip
    ;
    Nghia-Nguyen, Trong
    ;
    Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
    An experimental program was directed to the evaluation of the strength of soil (ball clay)-cement, and soil (soft clay)-cement samples with different curing conditions; tap water, lime-saturated water, plastic wrapping, and open ambient air at 28 days. The compression, and the scanning electron microscopy results were used to describe the effect of curing conditions on the compressive strength of soil-cement samples. The compressive strength of soil-cement samples was ~ 50% that of the plain cement sample. The compressive strength of the soft clay-cement samples was slightly higher than the ball clay-cement samples because of the coarse particles of soft clay containing a high amount of quartz, allowing the water to react with cement powder and increased the strength of soil-cement samples. The tendency of compressive strength development in the soil-cement samples was similar to that of the cement sample. The highest compressive strength was obtained for the lime-saturated water cured samples, suggesting a higher rate of hydration process by the protection of CaCO<inf>3</inf> leaching from cement in the lime water. Thus, the compressive strength in soil-cement samples was enhanced by the binding of cement hydration products between the adjacent soil particles.