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Author: search.filters.author.Kingnoi, NamthipSubject: search.filters.subject.Soil stabilization

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    Partial soil replacement in soil cement using bentonite and polyurethane foam
    (2026-06-01)
    Rattanapitak, Pornkanok
    ;
    Shelina, Aza
    ;
    Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
    ;
    Kingnoi, Namthip
    ;
    Mase, Lindung Zalbuin
    This study evaluates the effects of partially replacing soft clay with Ca-bentonite or polyurethane foam in soil-cement mixtures to improve geotechnical performance in soft soils. Cement content was fixed at 20% by total mix weight (% wt), while soft clay was partially replaced with Ca-bentonite or polyurethane foam at 20% wt, 30% wt, and 40% wt. Density, weight, and compressive strength were evaluated at curing ages of 7 and 28 days. The optimal mixture, determined based on compressive strength, was subsequently selected for the permeability test and compared with natural soft clay and a conventional soil-cement mixture. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy was conducted to characterize particle morphology and pore structure, providing microstructural insight into the strength behaviour of mixtures incorporating both Ca-bentonite and polyurethane foam replacements. The results indicate a clear contrast between the two replacement materials. Ca-bentonite increases density and compressive strength through pozzolanic and filling effects. The optimal sample, consisting of 50% soft clay, 20% cement, and 30% Ca-bentonite (S5C2B3) by weight, achieves a 28-day compressive strength of 9.71 MPa with stiff and brittle behaviours. Weight increase is associated with Ca-bentonite swelling, which enhances impermeability. In contrast, polyurethane foam reduces density and strength, producing a lightweight, ductile material due to its porous structure and water loss. Ca-bentonite is suitable for high-strength or low-permeability applications, whereas polyurethane foam is appropriate for lightweight fill where reduced weight is required.
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    Utilization of ladle furnace slag from a steelwork for stabilization of soil cement
    (2022-10-25)
    Ayawanna, Jiratchaya
    ;
    Kingnoi, Namthip
    ;
    Sukchaisit, Ochakkraphat
    ;
    Chaiyaput, Salisa
    Ladle furnace (LF) slag, waste from the steel-making process, was incorporated to improve the compressive strength of soil cement. LF slag was mixed to replace the cement in the soil-cement samples with wt% ratio 20:0, 15:5, and 10:10 of cement and slag, respectively. LF slag in the range of 5, 10, and 20 wt% was also separately added to the 20-wt% cement-treated soil samples. The soil-cement mixed LF slag samples were incubated in a plastic wrapping for 7, 14, and 28 days. The strength of soil cement was highly developed to be higher than the standard acceptable value (0.6 MPa) after incorporating slag into soil cement. The mixing of LF slag resulted in more hydration products for bonding soil particles, and hence improved the strength of soil cement. With the LF slag mixing either a replacement or additive materials in soil cement, the LF slag to cement ratio is considered to be less than 1, while the cement content should be more than 10 wt%. This is to promote a predominant effect of cement hydration by preventing the partially absorbed water on slag particles and keeping sufficient water content for the cement hydration in soil cement.