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Author: search.filters.author.Kongto, PuminSubject: search.filters.subject.Waste utilization

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    Exploration demonstrates high yield and favorable characteristics of crude bio-oil derived by pyrolysis from natural rubber waste for applying as liquid biofuel and value-added product
    (2026-01-01)
    Palamanit, Arkom
    ;
    Ngampak, Supawich
    ;
    Ali, Liaqat
    ;
    Kongto, Pumin
    ;
    Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
    Industrial processing of raw natural rubber (NR) and latex inevitably generates natural rubber waste. The aim of this study was to explore the yield and characteristics of crude bio-oil derived from industrial NR waste, with the goal of further upgrading it to liquid biofuel or other value-added products. Cup lump rubber (CLR) and skim rubber (SR) wastes were pyrolyzed at 400, 450, 500, and 550 °C for 45 min. The results show that pyrolysis of CLR and SR wastes provided crude bio-oils with good yield and very favorable characteristics. The maximum bio-oil yields from CLR and SR wastes were 83 wt.% and 80 wt.%, respectively, achieved at 450 °C. The pH and density of the bio-oil samples were in the ranges of 5.15–9.02 and 885–922.50 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. All the bio-oil samples had a very low water content (< 0.2 wt.%). High carbon and hydrogen contents in the bio-oils led to superior higher heating values (38.3–39.1 MJ/kg). Chemical compounds identified by GC-MS revealed a high content of D-Limonene (C<inf>10</inf>H<inf>16</inf>) at 36.16% in the bio-oil from CLR waste. These results are crucial for further upgrading the bio-oil from industrial CLR and SR wastes, to liquid biofuels or other value-added products.
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    Exploration of characteristics and synthesis gas suitability for heat generation of coffee biomass pellets produced by single and co-pelletization
    (2023-12-01)
    Palamanit, Arkom
    ;
    Kongto, Pumin
    ;
    Chaiprapat, Sumate
    ;
    Dejchanchaiwong, Racha
    ;
    Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
    Production of coffee beans generates various types of biomass that can be applied as bioenergy for drying and roasting the beans. Thus, the aims of this study were to explore the characteristics of coffee biomass pellets (CBPs) produced from coffee cherry pulp (CCP), coffee parchment (CPM), and expired green coffee beans (ECB) by single and co-pelletization. The CBPs were then used to produce the synthesis gas in a downdraft gasifier, and the syngas properties were investigated for further heat applications. The results showed that single and co-pelletization of CCP and CPM performed well. The CBPs had good physiochemical properties in shape, size, and atomic ratios. The higher heating value and energy density of CBPs were 19.25-24.29 MJ/kg and 12.09-14.87 GJ/m3. The ash from CBPs was rich in K2O, CaO and MgO oxides, and the CPM ash had the lowest initial deformation temperature at 1136 °C. The ash samples from CBPs also had different slagging and fouling indexes. The syngas from CBPs mainly contained H2 (6.85-9.30%), CO (12.15-18.85%), and CO2 (10.85-13.75%). The heating value and tar concentration of syngas from CBPs were 3.24-4.32 MJ/m3 and 21.75-30.92 g/m3. The main chemical compounds in tar were styrene, phenol, caffeine, and pyrrole according to GC-MS. These results indicate that CCP and CPM have potential for pelletization and gasification to generate heat needed for coffee bean processing.
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