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Author: search.filters.author.Laosinwattana, ChamroonSubject: search.filters.subject.Natural herbicide

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    Ultrasonic emulsification of Cananga odorata nanoemulsion formulation for enhancement of herbicidal potential
    (2025-12-01)
    Laosinwattana, Chamroon
    ;
    Somala, Naphat
    ;
    Dimak, Jantra
    ;
    Teerarak, Montinee
    ;
    Chotsaeng, Nawasit
    A nanoemulsion was fabricated from Cananga odorata essential oil (EO) and stabilized by incorporation of Tween 80 using ultrasonication. The major constituents of the EO were benzyl benzoate, linalool, and phenylmethyl ester. Differing sonication amplitude (20–60%) and time (2–10 min) were assessed for effects on nanoemulsion droplet size and polydispersity index (PI). The smallest droplet size of 43.98 nm (PI 0.222) was obtained using 40% amplitude for 8 min; this nanoemulsion was evaluated for its droplet characteristics and pre-emergence herbicidal activities on Amaranthus tricolor. FT-IR confirmed ultrasonic emulsification to not affect the EO components. Regarding stability, storage at 4 °C was determined appropriate, with droplet size changing slightly after five weeks. Assays of herbicidal potential showed the coarse emulsion and nanoemulsion to both reduce A. tricolor germination and growth, with the nanoemulsion being more effective at a given concentration and the difference in effectivity correlating to droplet size. Remarkably, treatment with 250 ppm nanoemulsion and coarse emulsion respectively resulted in 100% and 63.75% germination inhibition. Both emulsions decreased seed imbibition and alpha-amylase activity. The highest relative electrolyte leakage was achieved in seed treated with the nanoemulsion. Therefore, this ultrasonic-based nanoemulsion may have utility as bioherbicide alternative.
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    Development of a Melia azedarach L. based natural herbicide: formulation and efficacy studies
    (2025-08-01)
    Wichittrakarn, Pattharin
    ;
    Manichart, Nutcha
    ;
    Laosinwattana, Chamroon
    ;
    Charoenying, Patchanee
    ;
    Sikhao, Potjana
    This study evaluated the phytotoxic activity of Melia azedarach L. leaf extract against Echinochloa crus-galli and Phaseolus lathyroides. Crude extracts were obtained using sequential solvent separation, of which the dichloromethane fraction exhibited the highest phytotoxicity for both weed species. However, P. lathyroides appeared more sensitive to the extracts compared to E. crus-galli. GC-MS analysis of the dichloromethane crude extract identified phytol (29.14 %), linolenic acid (21.74 %), and palmitic acid (7.20 %) as the main chemical components. Three formulations, a soluble liquid (SL), pellet, and wettable powder, were developed and evaluated for their effects on seed germination and seedling growth. The SL formulation showed the highest efficacy in inhibiting germination (p < 0.05). Further testing of its pre-emergence utility via soil application in greenhouse conditions confirmed the herbicidal efficacy, effectively suppressing P. lathyroides emergence (36.8 % over control) and reducing growth parameters. Mechanistic assays showed the SL product to affect seed imbibition, α-amylase activity, and cell division in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting these as potential mechanisms of action. This study highlights the potential of a M. azedarach-based SL product as an alternative to synthetic herbicides, potentially leading to the development of a new botanical herbicide.
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    Bioassay-Guided Extraction and Isolation of Natural Herbicides from Dried Zanthoxylum limonella Alston Fruits
    (2025-01-01)
    Chotpatiwetchkul, Warot
    ;
    Charoenying, Patchanee
    ;
    Teerarak, Montinee
    ;
    Meesin, Jatuporn
    ;
    Jongkon, Nathjanan
    Weeds are problematic plant species around the world. Various strategies exist for controlling weeds, but chemical treatment remains the preferred method, particularly when using natural substances. In this research, a crude aqueous-methanol extract from dried Zanthoxylum limonella fruits was acid-base partitioned into four fractions: neutral extract (NE), acid extract (AE), basic extract (BE), and aqueous extract (AQ). These fractions were further separated into seventeen subfractions: NEF1 to NEF7, AEF1 to AEF5, and BEF1 to BEF5, which were then tested for herbicidal activity against the growth of Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Active subfractions were isolated via column chromatography and identified using spectroscopic methods, yielding seven active compounds: xanthoxyline (1), tambulin (2), atanine (3), prudomestin (4), skimmianine (5), p-methoxybenzoic acid (6), and methyl caffeate (7). Compounds 2–7 had not been previously reported in Z. limonella. Xanthoxyline (1) was identified as the most potent botanical herbicide, fully inhibiting seed germination of Chinese amaranth and barnyard grass. This compound also decreased seed imbibition and α-amylase activity in both species. Molecular docking studies on the α-amylase enzyme (PDB ID: 1BG9) revealed that the aromatic, hydroxy, and carbonyl groups of xanthoxyline (1) interact with the enzyme's active sites.