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An Ultralow-Power 0.5-V MI-OTA-Based Universal Filter for Efficient Low-Frequency Signal Processing
(2026-01-01)
Kulej, Tomasz
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Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Lerkvaranyu, Somkiat
This work introduces novel universal filters implemented using multiple-input operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTAs). The MI-OTA is specifically designed for a minimal 0.5-V supply, achieving nano-watt level power dissipation, which positions the design as highly viable for demanding ultralow-power systems. The architecture employs a subthreshold, multiple-input, bulk-driven MOS configuration. This design not only extends the operational input voltage range but concurrently ensures minimal voltage and power consumption. The primary filter topology utilizes five MI-OTAs and two grounded capacitors to concurrently deliver all five standard filtering responses—low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass filter—from a single, fixed circuit structure. By integrating a sixth MI-OTA, the architecture becomes reconfigurable for operation in both voltage-mode (VM) and transimpedance-mode (TIM). This versatility yields both non-inverting and inverting transfer functions for all five fundamental responses, resulting in a total of 20 distinct output functions. This multifunctionality and power efficiency make the proposed designs exceptionally well-suited for low-frequency applications, such as bio-signal processing and sophisticated sensor interfacing circuits. Furthermore, a key feature is that the filter's natural frequency is electronically tunable across all responses. The MI-OTA was designed and simulated in Cadence Virtuoso, utilizing the TSMC 65-nm (1P9M) CMOS process. The device occupies a modest silicon footprint of 125 μm × 92 μm. Simulation results confirm a power dissipation of 150 nW at a 177-Hz cutoff frequency under the 0.5-V supply. Post-layout simulations verified the expected circuit performance. Finally, experimental validation was conducted using a discrete-component MI-OTA-based circuit built with the LM13700, thereby confirming the filter's correct operation.
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0.5-V High-Order Universal Filter for Bio-Signal Processing Applications
(2025-04-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Lerkvaranyu, Somkiat
In this paper, a novel multiple-input operational transconductance amplifier (MI-OTA) is proposed. The MI-OTA can be obtained by using the multiple-input bulk-driven MOS transistor (MIBD MOST) technique. The circuit structure is simple, can operate with a supply voltage of 0.5 V, and consumes 937 pW at a current setting of 625 pA. The proposed MI-OTA was used to implement a high-order multiple-input voltage-mode universal filter. The proposed filter can provide non-inverting and inverting low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass transfer functions to the same topology. In addition, it has a high input impedance and does not need any inverted input signals, so there is no additional buffering circuit. The proposed filter can be used for biological signal processing. The proposed MI-OTA and the second-order universal filter were simulated in Cadence using CMOS process parameters of 0.18 μm from TSMC to verify the functionality and performance of the new structures.
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Current-Mode Shadow Filter with Single-Input Multiple-Output Using Current-Controlled Current Conveyors with Controlled Current Gain
(2024-01-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Khateb, Fabian
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Kulej, Tomasz
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Kyselak, Martin
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Lerkvaranyu, Somkiat
In this paper, a novel current-mode shadow filter employing current-controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) with controlled current gains is presented. The CCCII-based current-mode shadow filters are resistorless and can offer a number of advantages such as circuit simplicity and electronic tuning capability. The proposed shadow filters offer five filtering functions, i.e., low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass functions, in the same topology. Furthermore, no component matching condition is required to realize all the transfer functions. The natural frequency and quality factor adjustment is possible by using the CCCII current gains without the need to use external amplifiers, all capacitors are grounded, and the filter terminals offer low-input and high-output impedance. To verify the functionality and feasibility of the new topologies, the proposed circuits were simulated using SPICE and the transistor model process parameters NR100N (NPN) and PR100N (PNP) from AT&T’s bipolar arrays ALA400-CBIC-R. The simulation results are consistent with the theory. The CCCII experimental setup was designed using commercially available 2N3904 (NPN) and 2N3906 (PNP) transistors with a supply voltage of ±2.5 V. The measurement results confirm the performance of the designed filters.
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Current-Mode Universal First-Order Analog Filter Using CCCIIs
(2023-01-01)
Phatsornsiri, Punnavich
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Kumngern, Montree
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Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
This paper presents a new current-mode first-order universal analog filter using current-controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs). The proposed circuit can realize first-order sections such as all-pass, low-pass, high-pass filters with both non-inverting and inverting transfer functions into single topology. The pole frequency of these filters can be controlled electronically. The output terminals possess high impedance level which is required for cascading of current-mode circuits. The proposed analog filter is verified using SPICE simulation. The CCCII has been simulated using the 0.18 µm CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. The simulation result can show that it agrees well with theory.
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Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Universal Filter Using DDTAs
(2022-01-01)
Suksaibul, Pichai
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Manman, Somsak
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Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
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Kumngern, Montree
This paper presents a multiple-input multiple-output universal biquadratic filter using differential difference transconductance amplifiers. The variant filtering responses can be obtained by appropriately applying input signals and appropriately choosing output terminals. The voltage-mode filter possesses both high-input and low-output impedances. The proposed filter provides five standard filtering responses. The natural frequency can be controlled electronically, and the quality factor can be controlled orthogonally. The performance of the proposed filter is confirmed using PSPICE simulation based on 0.18 µm CMOS technology from TSMC.
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Mixed-Mode Universal Filter Using Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifiers
(2022-01-01)
Suksaibul, Pichai
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Kumngern, Montree
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Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
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Burapattanasiri, Bancha
This paper presents a new mixed-mode universal biquad filter based on differential difference transconductance amplifiers (DDTAs). This work will be expressed that many filtering functions with electronic control of the natural frequency can be obtained using DDTA-based circuit. The topology provides voltage-mode (VM), current-mode (CM), transimpedance-mode (TIM), transadmittance-mode (TAM) transfer functions into single topology and each transfer function offers five standard filtering functions. The performance of the proposed topology is carried out using PSPICE simulators based on 0.18 μm CMOS technology from TSMC. The simulation result shows that it can confirm the proposed topology.
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0.3 v Fully Differential Current Conveyor Using MIBD-DT MOST technique
(2022-01-01)
Kumngern, Montree
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Wongprommoon, Natapong
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Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
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Tooprakai, Siraphop
This paper presents a new fully differential second-generation current conveyor (FDCCII) using multiple-input bulk-driven dynamic threshold voltage MOS transistor (MIBD-DT MOST) technique. This FDCCII, the MOST techniques such as the multiple-input (MI), bulk-driven (BD) and dynamic threshold voltage (DT) have been used. The MIBD can be reduced the number of differential pair of FDCCII and the DT-MOST technique can be reduced the power supply requirement. Thus, the proposed FDCCII is capable to working with a supply voltage of 0.3 V and it consumes a 0.132 uW of power dissipation. The simulations were performed with SPICE program using the 0.18 um CMOS technology. To prove the workability of the new circuit, the proposed FDCCII has been used to realize universal filter.
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Electronically Tunable Differential Difference Current Conveyor Using OTAs
(2021-04-01)
Sukhawit, Chuthitep
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Burapattanasiri, Bancha
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Lerkvaranyu, Somkiat
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Knobnob, Boonying
This paper presents a new electronically tunable differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). Unlike conventional DDCC, the proposed DDCC offers current gain between z- and x-terminal that can be controlled electronically by bias currents. The DDCC-based OTA can be investigated both simulation and experiment tests. The proposed DDCC is used to implement a quadrature oscillator to confirm workability.
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Extremely Low-Power Fifth-Order Low-Pass Butterworth Filter
(2021-04-01)
Aupithak, Nattharinee
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Torteanchai, Usa
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Burapattanasiri, Bancha
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Lerkvaranyu, Somkiat
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Khateb, Fabian
A fifth-order Butterworth low-pass filter using multiple-input operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) is proposed in this paper. It is expressed that the number of OTAs that used for realizing fifth-order low-pass filter can be reduced using multiple-input OTA and results to decrease the power consumption and the active area. N-input OTA can be obtained using multiple-input bulk-driven quasi-floating gate technique. Subthreshold technique is used to achieve extremely low power consumption which can be applied to biomedical systems. The proposed topology is simulated using 0.18 standard CMOS process. Simulation results show that the proposed filter has a bandwidth located within 250 Hz, a power consumption of 41 nW and a dynamic range of 61 dB.

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