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Use of Ag-Au-ICG to increase fluorescence image of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
(2023-01-01)
Sittisart, Pattarapol
;
Locharoenrat, Kitsakorn
Indocyanine green (ICG) is effective for a variety of applications including liver tumour imaging and operates in the near-infrared window. Agents for near-infrared imaging are, however, still in clinical development. The present study aimed to prepare and investigate fluorescence emission properties of ICG in combination with Ag-Au in order to enhance their specific interactions with human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG-2). The Ag-Au-ICG complex was prepared via physical adsorption, and hence evaluated for fluorescence spectra using a spectrophotometer. Ag-Au-ICG at an optimised dosage (Ag-Au:ICG = 0.0147:1 molar ratio) in Intralipid medium was added to HepG-2 to observe the maximum fluorescence signal intensity, which further enhanced HepG-2 contrast fluorescence. Ag-Au-ICG served as a fluorescence enhancer bound onto the liposome membrane, whilst free Ag, Au, and pure ICG induced low levels of cytotoxicity in HepG-2 and a normal human cell line. Thus, our findings provided new insights for the liver cancer imaging.Highlights Concentration-dependent fluorescence peaking in the near-infrared window revealed ICG aggregation in Ag-Au molecules. Ag-Au-ICG fluorescence intensity depended strongly on the environmental media. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines treated with Ag-Au-ICG in Intralipid enhanced the contrast of fluorescence microscopy images by decreasing the level of scattering in the cell lines with the contrast values being approximately five times those observed in pure ICG in Intralipid.
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Effective detection of ZnO in nicotine using butterfly wing scales
(2022-01-01)
Changcharoen, Thanachai
;
Apiphatnaphakul, Thidsanu
;
Watjanavarreerat, Wasupon
;
Locharoenrat, Kitsakorn
This study aimed to elucidate the optical functions of naturally butterfly wing scales via precise control of morphology as an effective photonic sensor and confirm the content of metal oxide nanoparticles in surrounding nicotine. Metal oxide nanoparticles mixed with nicotine were deposited on the wing scales through the spin-coating method and hence investigated using optical microscopy and spectroscopy. Experimental results demonstrated that absorption intensities of ZnO and TiO<inf>2</inf> mixed with nicotine on Danaus genutia were remarkably enhanced. Due to the relatively high concentration of zinc found in e-cigarette aerosol, the intensity of ZnO/nicotine modelled as aerosol adsorption on Danaus genutia, further held a certain linear relationship with the concentration of ZnO. The limit of detection of ZnO was as low as 1 nM. The working mechanism of our sensor was explained through the molecular adsorption after H-bond formation of ZnO/nicotine molecules as high-index materials on the wing scales of Danaus genutia without aggregation. This photonic sensor is an alternative to the present-day methods for the rapid test of ZnO content, which is very simple without complicated instrumentation. Furthermore, our method might become a starting point for the advancement of portable instruments for onsite ZnO detection.
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Use of zinc oxide nanoparticles for detection of fluoride in toothpaste gel
(2022-01-01)
Watjanavarreerat, Wasupon
;
Steier, Liviu
;
Locharoenrat, Kitsakorn
This study aimed to investigate the metal-binding effect of fluoride, contained in different commercial toothpaste gels; the study aimed to determine if the toothpastes contained excessive concentrations of fluoride, which result in white spot lesions. A spectrophotometric method that used spectrophotometric reagents, including zinc oxide nanoparticles and iron chloride, was used to determine fluoride distribution; the analysis was based on the selective attack of fluoride ions on metals. Fluoride concentrations between 0 and 1450 ppm were analyzed. Although the iron–fluoride complex was a more sensitive reagent, the zinc–fluoride complex could serve as a suitable alternative to it for fluoride analysis, partly because the method was less time consuming and more stable. The detection and quantification limits obtained from the linear calibration curves of the zinc–fluoride complexes, in deionized water, were 0.191:1 and 0.579:1 w/w ZnO, respectively. A model calibration curve was suggested to detect the unknown products of fluoride degradation. Dentists could use a fluoride treatment similar to the protocol used in this study, to prevent potential enamel demineralization, and exclude physical cavity preparation and restoration.
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Antitumor activities of carboplatin–doxorubicin–ZnO complexes in different human cancer cell lines (breast, cervix uteri, colon, liver and oral) under UV exposition
(2021-01-01)
Pairoj, Suttirak
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Damrongsak, Pattareeya
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Damrongsak, Badin
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Jinawath, Natini
;
Kaewkhaw, Rossukon
This study aimed to examine the pharmacological profiles of multiple chemo drug candidates in systematic circulation to enhance their specific interactions with five human cancer cell lines. ZnO nanoparticles were successfully bound with chemo drugs via physical adsorption. The drug loading capacity was confirmed by FTIR, whereas the loading efficiency was determined via UV–vis spectrometry. The mean hydrodynamic size increased to 69–82 nm after chemo-drug immobilization via non-covalent interaction with ZnO. Among the nine formulated chemo drugs, the carboplatin (CP)–doxorubicin (DOX)–ZnO complex under UV light irradiation exhibited high sensitivity towards human breast adenocarcinoma cells without affecting human keratinocyte immortal cells with an IC<inf>50</inf> of 0.137 µg/mL, whereas the loading capacity and efficiency of CP–DOX–ZnO were 77.81% and 99.05%, respectively. Fluorescence images confirmed that CP–DOX–ZnO using DOX served as a fluorescence enhancer specifically bound onto the cell membranes, which became almost saturated after 24 h incubation. Carboplatin–DOX–ZnO was possibly endocytosed by cancer cells and was selectively internalized into the target cells; thus, free chemo drug was released in the cytoplasm, which induced acute apoptosis. This resulted in complete inhabitation of growth signal of target cancer cells.
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Efficacy of nanodiamond–doxorubicin complexes on human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines
(2019-12-04)
Locharoenrat, Kitsakorn
This paper aims to demonstrate the efficacy of the immobilisation of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin on nanodiamond platforms as a potential cancer therapy. This effective drug is experimentally fed into a human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Drug loading activity and cell viability are detected by spectrometer, microscopy, and MTT assay in this study at Biomedical Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand between 1 Oct 2018 and 10 Jun 2019. Experimental results show that in the basic environment (pH = 8.0), the nanodiamond carboxylic group cooperated with the doxorubicin amino group to form a stable and non-covalent bond on nanodiamond surfaces served as a simple physical adsorption. In an acidic environment suitable to targeting the cancer cells, the nanodiamond carboxylic group ionised so that doxorubicin is effectively released. Doxorubicin therefore affirmatively absorbed into the cytoplasm and later into the nucleus. The significant finding of the study is that IC-50 equivalent to 0.40 mg/mL and viable nanodiamond–doxorubicin is a good candidate material for drug delivery.

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