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Microfluidic-based electrochemical sensing platforms: From classical to advanced platforms for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics
(2026-02-01)
Naorungroj, Sarida
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Khamcharoen, Wisarut
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Yomthiangthae, Phanumas
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Traipop, Surinya
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
Microfluidic sensing platforms have emerged as essential tools for addressing global needs across various sectors, including environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics. These applications require devices with selective, sensitive, and portable capabilities that offer multifunctionality. This review focuses on microfluidic devices as an effective tool for environmental and clinical applications. We present the evolution of these platforms, examining their transition from classical to innovative designs and their critical roles in enabling precise measurements. Particular attention is given to various patterns featuring operational units, such as integrated valving systems for controlling fluid flow, reagent storage units, separation or delay zones, and detection units. In addition, the utilization of innovative materials, transitioning from polydimethylsiloxane-based devices to transparent film-based alternatives to overcome the limitations of traditional microfluidic systems, is covered. Here, heavy metals, pesticides, microorganisms, nutrients, polyfluoroalkyl substances, and gases are presented as target analytes for environmental analysis, whereas analyses of nucleic acids, proteins, antigens, and antibiotics are demonstrated for clinical diagnostics. Future perspectives and challenges in advancing microfluidic-based sensing platforms are also discussed.
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CRISPR/Cas12-based signal-on lateral flow immunoassay for ultra-sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of human papillomavirus DNA in clinical samples
(2025-12-01)
Tungkunaruk, Panon
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Jampasa, Sakda
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
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Chailapakul, Orawon
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Chuaypen, Natthaya
The trans-cleavage capability of CRISPR/Cas12a presents significant opportunities for the precise detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). However, this potential has not been fully utilized in the context of lateral flow devices. This study introduced a novel, highly sensitive lateral flow assay that leverages the functionalities of CRISPR/Cas12a in conjunction with DNA probes to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, a primary etiological factor in cervical cancer, directly from clinical samples. The assay employed a DNA capture probe with specific sequences to construct both the control line using 40 thymine bases (T40) single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and the test line utilizing 40 cytocine bases (C40) ssDNA, thereby effectively monitoring the presence of target DNA. In the mixed master reaction, CRISPR/Cas12a was combined with Biotin-GGGGGGGGGGAAAAAAAAAA (G10A10) ssDNA and introduced to a sample containing the HPV DNA. This process initiated a trans-cleavage mechanism, resulting in the conversion of Biotin-G10A10 ssDNA into Biotin-G10 ssDNA. By incorporating streptavidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles on the conjugate pad, the assay captured both Biotin-G10 ssDNA and any unreacted Biotin-G10A10 ssDNA at the test line and control line, respectively, leading to a distinct colorimetric appearance. Under optimized conditions, the assay demonstrated a detection limit of 0.2 copies/μL and exhibited excellent selectivity for HPV16 in clinical samples, correlating favorably with results obtained through gel electrophoresis. This innovative system not only underscores the considerable potential for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of HPV DNA, but it also serves as a promising prototype for further advancements in nucleic acid-based detection methodologies.
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Trends of Hydrogen Applications in Thailand
(2025-01-01)
Sommani, Piyanart
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Hongbin, Nichit
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Tipves, Kanrayaphus
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
Thailand is on-going of establishing guidelines and mechanisms to tackle climate change and set a goal for carbon neutrality by 2050 to achieve net-zero GHG emissions by 2065. Thus, energy transition acceleration is of high concern. At present, hydrogen production and utilization in Thailand is limited to industrial sector only (e.g., chemical and petrochemical industries, semiconductor industry). To drive forward the use of hydrogen, the government agencies leading by the Energy Policy and Planning (EPPO), Ministry of Energy together with research institutions and business stakeholders have therefore been developing a national hydrogen strategic plan. This paper also presents a pilot project in northeast Thailand by the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), Ministry of Energy to explore green hydrogen production and utilization for use towards the energy sector as green hydrogen is a versatile and clean energy carrier that offers a solution to the climate crisis. The project has been successfully operated. It is accomplished by storing wind electricity in the form of hydrogen, and then applying a wind-hydrogen hybrid system to a 300-kW fuel cell to produce electricity for EGAT’s energy learning center at the project site.
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The Status and Practices of WEEE Management: A Case Study in Thailand
(2024-01-01)
Sommani, Piyanart
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Hongbin, Nichit
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Tipves, Kanrayaphus
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
Advance technology and rising in a demand of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) lead to the global crisis from an enormous amount of end-of-life EEE, so-called waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Regarding this issue, the drafts of the WEEE Management Act and the Integrated WEEE Management Action Plan were released publicly in Thailand. The chapters of the drafted WEEE Management Act in handling WEEE, not only from industry sector but also residential sector, are shown herein. Up to date, WEEE from the industry has been managed systematically by formal sectors, i.e., waste processor factories or the facilities licensed, while WEEE from the municipality has been managed mainly by informal sectors that can lead to negative impacts on environment and human health. Due to no WEEE Management Act issued, the majority of WEEE from the municipality goes to improper handling. In this paper, WEEE of a company case study is obtained from the industry and its management comprises sorting, dismantling, crushing and analysis of finished products, and finally transportation of finished products to the overseas partner smelters. Good practices of WEEE management of this case study fully cover pre-steps of WEEE processing; WEEE processing; and safety, environment, and social responsibility.
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Effects of Mn and Cu on descaling of hot-rolled 304L stainless steel in HCl and H2O2mixtures
(2023-08-01)
Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
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Benjamalai, Boonyapa
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Hongbin, Nichit
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Prawetpai, Nipa
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Tiyawatwitthaya, Chockanan
Descaling of stainless-steel black coil is an important step to produce white coil with smooth glossy surface. The AISI 304L black and white coils from a company containing 1.08-1.71Mn and 0.22-0.40Cu (wt%) were used to study the effects of Mn and Cu on descaling rate by potentiodynamic polarization technique at 25 °C. The pickling solutions were 0.5 M HCl and 0.5 M HCl mixed with H2O2 of 0.5, 0.88 and 1.76 M. The polarization curves of black and white coil samples measured in HCl-H2O2 mixture showed no passive range. The descaling rate of black coil oxide scales, and the corrosion potential (Ecorr) increased with H2O2 concentration. Low-Mn sample, that is 1.08%Mn0.23%Cu sample, showed higher descaling rate than high-Mn samples. No effects of Cu content on the descaling rate were observed. For white coil samples, the descaling rates were almost constant, but pitting on surface was observed. Passive films were eliminated. The corrosion potentials of black and white coil samples increased when adding H2O2 in HCl solution indicating an increase in cathodic reaction due to increase in dissolved oxygen. The corrosion potentials of 1.08%Mn0.23%Cu black and white coil samples were lower than those of high-Mn samples corresponding to less Mn oxide.
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Effect of thiosulfate on the passivation of zinc-alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at 353 K
(2023-05-01)
Zaw, Thwelt Thinzar
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Mungsantisuk, Pinai
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
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Lothongkum, Gobboon
The effect of thiosulfate (S2O32-) with the different concentrations (100 g m-3, 150 g m-3, 200 g m-3) on the passivation of Zn alloys in artificial seawater at 353 K is investigated by using immersion tests, electrochemical measurements, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with EDX. It is found that the presence of thiosulfate in the solution can hinder the passivation. Potentiodynamic polarization results show that thiosulfate increases the current density at which the thin passive films with the low corrosion resistance are formed. Thiosulfate effect to retard the passivation, is different with the concentrations exposed to the respective Zn alloys based on the Al content. Due to the presence of various Zn and Al protective compounds at the surface, the passivation of Zn alloys occurs at the immersion time of 432 ks in the form of thin film. After the immersion time is 1037 ks, the passivation is still approximately as close as 432 ks inhibiting the film growth by the effect of thiosulfate and depassivation also would be occurred with the removal of the oxide thin film by the longer immersion time.
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Solar Rooftop PV Power Generation for a Commercial Building in Thailand
(2023-01-01)
Sommani, Piyanart
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Nookwan, Jiraporn
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
Solar energy is significant potential for power and heat production. The Alternative Energy Development Plan 2018–2037 (AEDP2018) developing by Thailand’s Ministry of Energy demonstrates that solar energy is a key role in renewable energy utilization, especially for power generation. In general, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is the most common type of solar power generation technology. This paper presented a potential of using grid-connected solar PV power generation system for the rooftop of a commercial building. The design and simulation of the solar rooftop PV power generation system and the economic analysis were accomplished. The installation of 1.85 MWp grid-connected solar PV power generation system on the rooftop area required 3,440 pieces of 540 Wp solar panels. By using PVsyst version 7.2, the solar panel configuration was connected in 20 pieces/string in series and 172 strings in parallel, with 80 kWac string inverters of 18 units. The simulated results of produced energy, specific production, and performance ratio were 2,678 MWh/year, 1,442 kWh/kWp/year, and 80% respectively. As a result, the energy cost saving was 269,317 USD with payback period (PB), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR) of 6.37 years, 1,062,430 USD, and 15%, respectively. In conclusion, the installation of 1.85 MWp solar rooftop PV power generation system is technically feasible for the investment.
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Status and Opportunities of Biogas Power Plants in Thailand and a Case Study
(2022-01-01)
Sommani, Piyanart
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
Energy crisis and environmental pollution problems have drawn attention to increase renewable energy resource utilization and replace fossil fuels worldwide. For several decades, Thailand relies on fossil fuels in electricity generation and so on. The Ministry of Energy, Thailand complied the Development of Energy Plans to Thailand Integrated Energy Blueprint (TIEB) in 2020 for sustainable energy development in addition to overcome environmental problems. This case study shows energy recovery from wastes for self-sustain biogas power plants from chicken meat production. The onsite biogas power plant targets at a capacity of 1.5 MW at 24 h for every workday. The chicken manure can yield a biogas output of 128–134 m<sup>3</sup>/ton with the rate of electricity per biogas at 2.10 kWh/m<sup>3</sup>. Based on the project period for 15 years, the payback period, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR) are 8.2 years, about 1,705,000 USD, and 8.86%, respectively. In general, the crucial success factor of biogas power plant installation mainly goes to concrete collaboration among the government and private sectors.
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Effects of H2O2 and temperature on electrolytic pickling of austenitic stainless steel 304L in Na2SO4 solution
(2020-10-01)
Tipves, Kanrayaphus
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Lothongkum, Gobboon
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Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn Waritswat
The effects of H2O2 solution addition and temperature on electrolytic pickling via Na2SO4 solution to eliminate the metal oxide layers of an annealed 304L stainless steel were investigated by polarization technique. The experimental conditions involved a pure 190 kg × m-3 Na2SO4 solution and a mixture of 190 kg × m-3 Na2SO4 + 10 kg × m-3 H2O2 at 298, 318 and 333 K and pH 4. It was found that the addition of a 10 kg × m-3 H2O2 solution in 190 kg × m-3 Na2SO4 solution and an increase in temperature resulted in a decrease in the passive region of the polarization curves. The results from the SEM images, the XRD patterns and root-meansquare roughness showed that the surface of the annealed 304L stainless steel was smoother and fewer remaining oxide scales was found when pickling in 190 kg × m-3 Na2SO4 + 10 kg × m-3 H2O2 solution. However, no effects of the addition of 10 kg × m-3 H2O2 solution in 190 kg × m-3 Na2SO4 solution and temperature on pickling time at 298, 318 and 333 K were observed.

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