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Enhancing Structural Stability and Drug Release Control in Xanthan Gum–Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel Films via Ferric Ion Crosslinking
(2026-05-01)
Monvisade, Pathavuth
;
Napradit, Sasipa
;
Sintoppun, Tanaporn
;
Yamaguchi, Masayuki
This study investigates the development and characterization of xanthan gum/poly(vinyl alcohol) (XP) hydrogel films crosslinked with ferric ions via a dipping method for controlled oral drug delivery. The effects of ferric ion crosslinking on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the films were systematically evaluated through swelling behavior, gel content, thermal and mechanical analyses, cytotoxicity testing, and in vitro drug release profiling using para-acetylaminophenol as a model drug under simulated digestive conditions. Crosslinking with ferric ions significantly enhanced the structural integrity of the films by reducing water uptake and improving gel stability in both simulated gastric (SGF) and intestinal fluids (SIF). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed restricted polymer chain mobility due to ionic interactions within the network. Mechanical testing showed increased tensile strength and Young’s modulus with higher crosslinking density. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed excellent biocompatibility, with high cell viability observed across all formulations. The films enabled controlled release of para-acetylaminophenol under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, with drug release kinetics suggesting a combination of diffusion-controlled and erosion-mediated mechanisms. These findings support the potential of Fe3+-crosslinked XP hydrogel films as stable and biocompatible carriers for sustained oral drug delivery.
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Dual covalent and ionic crosslinked xanthan gum–PVA hydrogel films for enhanced drug release performance
(2025-11-01)
Monvisade, Pathavuth
;
Napradit, Sasipa
;
Sintoppun, Tanaporn
;
Yamaguchi, Masayuki
This study presents the development and characterization of dual crosslinked xanthan gum–polyvinyl alcohol (XP) hydrogel films for potential use in controlled drug delivery applications. Hydrogel films were synthesized using glutaraldehyde for covalent crosslinking and Cu2+ ions for ionic crosslinking, with varying polymer ratios and crosslinker concentrations. The swelling behavior and gel content were evaluated in both distilled water at 25 °C and simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C, revealing that dual crosslinking significantly enhanced structural integrity and swelling resistance, with gel content reaching up to 98%. Thermal analysis using DSC and DMA confirmed increased glass transition temperatures, indicating reduced polymer chain mobility due to denser crosslinking networks. Mechanical tests showed that the films possessed high tensile strength (60–62 MPa), with stiffness increasing alongside Cu2+ concentration and xanthan content. Cytocompatibility was validated through MTT assays on Vero cells, with all formulations exceeding 80% viability, thus classified as non-cytotoxic according to ISO 10993-5:2009 guidelines. Drug release studies using para-acetylaminophenol demonstrated sustained release behavior, achieving 50% release over 6 h in SBF. Kinetic analysis revealed that the release followed zero-order kinetics (R² = 0.9986) and case-II transport (n = 1.0396), indicating that release was governed by matrix swelling and erosion. These findings highlight the potential of XP dual crosslinked hydrogels as effective and biocompatible platforms for sustained drug delivery, particularly in wound care applications.
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Silver loaded hydroxyethylacryl chitosan/sodium alginate hydrogel films for controlled drug release wound dressings
(2020-09-15)
Chalitangkoon, Jongjit
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Wongkittisin, Marisa
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Monvisade, Pathavuth
Wound dressings composed of hydroxyethylacryl chitosan (HC) and sodium alginate (SA) were developed with antibacterial activity by loading Ag particles. The formation of Ag particle in the HC/SA films was achieved by an immersion method through in situ chemical reduction of AgNO<inf>3</inf> solution and confirmed by FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD and XRF techniques. The effect of Ag loading in the Ca-crosslinked HC/SA films with different crosslinking density was studied on swelling behavior, mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity and drug release behavior. The results showed that Ag loading increased swelling degree in phosphate buffer and enhanced mechanical properties. The HC/SA films with Ag loading exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus as well as no toxicity on Vero cell. In vitro drug release profiles of the films were examined using para-acetylaminophenol, as a soluble model drug. The increase in crosslinking density and Ag loading prolonged drug releasing rate and almost the films showed linearity profiles. It can be concluded that the HC/SA films with Ag loading have a promising potential in modern wound dressings with antibacterial property and controlled drug release.
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In vitro drug release profiles of pH-sensitive hydroxyethylacryl chitosan/sodium alginate hydrogels using paracetamol as a soluble model drug
(2017-06-01)
Treenate, Pitchaya
;
Monvisade, Pathavuth
The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro drug release profiles of pH-sensitive hydrogels composed of hydroxyethylacryl chitosan (HC) and sodium alginate (SA). The hydrogels were crosslinked by dipping method using different ionic crosslinkers (e.g., Ca2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+). The crosslinking reaction was confirmed by FT-IR. Swelling behavior and stability of the hydrogels in simulated digestive media were investigated. The result indicated that the combination between HC and SA could delay the degradation time of the hydrogels. Calcium crosslinking system showed higher stability than that of zinc or copper crosslinking system. In vitro drug release profiles were studied using paracetamol as a soluble model drug. The amount of paracetamol release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) was relatively low (<20%). In simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), the burst release of paracetamol was depressed with increasing HC content and/or applying crosslinker. The HC75SA25 formulation demonstrated the linearity of drug release profile. Additionally, the amount of drug release from the 0.5 M calcium HC50SA50 hydrogel in SIF was lower than 20%. The comprehensive results of this study suggested their potential in the application of site-specific oral drug delivery in intestine and colon.
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Development of hydroxyethylacryl chitosan/alginate hydrogel films for biomedical application
(2014-12-01)
Treenate, Pitchaya
;
Monvisade, Pathavuth
;
Yamaguchi, Masayuki
Novel hydrogel films composed of hydroxyethylacryl chitosan (HC) and sodium alginate (SA) were prepared for biomedical application by using calcium chloride (CaCl<inf>2</inf>) as a nontoxic ionic crosslinker to form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN). HC was successfully prepared by following a Michael addition reaction of chitosan (CS) and hydroxyethylacrylate completely dissolved in distilled water at 70 °C. The distribution pattern of Ca2+ ions were well-dispersed within the hydrogel films examined by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), implying uniformity of crosslinking. The swelling behavior of the hydrogel films in distilled water, simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH = 1.2) and phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 7.4) were investigated. The equilibrium swelling degree of the hydrogel films in distilled water increased with a decreas of either the SA content or the concentration of CaCl<inf>2</inf>. The hydrogel films showed pH-dependent behavior in that the shapes of the hydrogel films were stable in SGF while they degraded in PBS. The tensile strength and elongation of the hydrogel films reached 12.1 MPa and 162%, respectively, which presented reasonable mechanical properties during use and enough flexibility to follow skin movement. Cell viability of the hydrogels was measured using a methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The results indicated that the hydrogel films are not cytotoxic.

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