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Author: search.filters.author.Narkrugsa, WoatthichaiSubject: search.filters.subject.Hydrothermal

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    Production of Cellulose From Bamboo Shoot Shell Using Hydrothermal Technique
    (2021-01-01)
    Manamoongmongkol, Kanjana
    ;
    Suwapanich, Rachit
    ;
    Phumjan, Lamphung
    ;
    Narkrugsa, Woatthichai
    ;
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    The preparation and characterization of purified cellulose from bamboo shoot shell were studied using fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The preparation of cellulose fiber included extraction of cellulose from bamboo shoot shell by treatment with 5 % NaOH and 4 % H2O2, and purification of cellulose fiber using hydrothermal technique. The result showed that cellulose has been successfully extracted at a 32.56% yield by the 5% NaOH / 4% H2O2 treatment, and the purified cellulose was produced using autoclaving at the temperature of 120°C and pressure at 0.1 MPa for 2 h 5 min, with the % recovery of purified cellulose around 94.08. Bamboo shoot shell and cellulose sample were further characterized using FTIR technique. It was found that the 5% NaOH / 4% H2O2 treatment eliminated lignin and hemicellulose from bamboo shoot shell but did not affect cellulose. The hydrothermal technique did not affect the destruction of the cellulose structure as well. Comparison of the SEM image showed that cellulose was separated into individual microfibers after the 5% NaOH / 4% H2O2 treatment while the SEM image of purified cellulose was the small thread-like fibers with smoother surface. Therefore, hydrothermal treatment can be performed for purification of cellulose.
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    Optimizing Ammonia Adsorption Using Activated Carbon from Tamarind Pulp
    (2021-01-01)
    Na-Lampang, Chaiyawat
    ;
    Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
    ;
    Phumjan, Lamphung
    ;
    Narkrugsa, Woatthichai
    ;
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    Ammonia is an essential waste from fish and shrimp which has an effect on fish and shrimp transportation for export. This study aimed to remove ammonia by Activated Carbon adsorption. The activated carbon was prepared from Tamarind pulp using different methods (NaOH, H2SO4, the hydrothermal technique and activated by H2SO4 and H2SO4 hydrothermal followed by NaOH). The Activated Carbon was characterized by and Iodine number and Fourier Transform I nfrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the iodine number of activated carbon prepared by the hydrothermal technique and activated by H2SO4 have the highest surface area and porosity at 537 mg/g, and the functional group on activated carbon surface is carbonyl and sulfonyl group. For ammonia adsorption, the experiments were designed by Box-Behnken design at 3 factors 3 levels including Contact time (10, 95 and 180 min), Dosage of activated carbon (0.5, 1.25 and 2.0 g) and pH of the solution (2, 6.5 and 11). The concentration of ammonia was determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The result showed that the main effects and the interaction effects were found significant effect on ammonia adsorption at confidence level of 95%. However, the interaction effects between contact time and activated carbon dosage was insignificant. Finally, the optimized results suggested that 48.32 ± 0.82% of ammonia concentration could be removed by activated carbon from tamarind pulp under the following conditions: PH of 11, a contact time of 95 min, and activated carbon dosage of 2 g/100 mL. The results are believed to be of importance to fish and shrimp transportation for reduced ammonia and other similar applications.