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Feasibility Study of Using Energy Harvesting Systems in Terms of Energy production and Economic Evaluation for a Nanogrid Road Lighting System
(2022-01-01)
Yoomak, Suntiti
;
Ngaopitakkul, Atthapol
This study investigated the feasibility of using a wind energy harvesting in a nano-grid road lighting system. A two-blade Savonius wind turbine was installed on a traffic island to generate electrical energy from vehicle movement. The wind flow velocity stemming from the movement of different vehicles and affecting the wind turbine was analysed by computational fluid dynamics method using ANSYS software. The economic feasibility of using various energy harvesting systems for solar, wind, and piezoelectric energy for a nano-grid road lighting system was evaluated. Further, the optimisation between different renewable energy sources and storage systems for the nano-grid road lighting system was performed using HOMER Pro software. The results showed that the electrical energy production using wind velocity from vehicle movement was feasible, although the wind velocity was unstable. An economic evaluation revealed that the use of piezoelectric energy systems was unfeasible owing to their high investment costs compared to their power generation. The behaviour of power generation from renewable energy and load consumption significantly affected the size of energy harvesting and storage systems. Therefore, the mismatch between solar energy and road lighting system consumption increased the size of solar and energy storage systems, leading to low economic feasibility. In contrast, the hybrid solar-wind system demonstrated great economic feasibility.
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Investigation and Feasibility Evaluation of Using Nanogrid Technology Integrated into Road Lighting System
(2020-01-01)
Yoomak, Suntiti
;
Ngaopitakkul, Atthapol
Currently, light-emitting diode (LED) technologies and solar power production are in popular use. This paper proposes the concept of improving conventional road lighting systems using LED technologies and solar energy applications, known as a 'nanogrid road lighting system.' The power quality of a nanogrid road lighting system is analyzed in stand-alone and grid-connected operations using an experimental setup. In addition, the IEC 61000-3-2 (2018) Class C standard and power quality control regulations for grid connections are also discussed. The energy storage installed for individual and central systems are analyzed. Moreover, economic comparisons of three kinds of road lighting systems, namely grid-powered high-pressure sodium, LED solar stand-alone, and nanogrid systems, are compared in terms of their individual discounted payback period (DPP), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). The results show that in stand-alone mode, the system can effectively charge its batteries with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control and discharge power to supply the road lighting system. In the grid connection mode, the electrical energy produced from the solar power system can be supplied to the electrical grid at all ranges of solar irradiance levels with the MPPT control. However, a high total current harmonic distortion (THDi) flows into the electrical grid when solar irradiance levels are low. Solar road lighting systems installed in a central system have a low initial investment cost, resulting in better economic performance (in terms of DPP, IRR, and NPV). For this reason, using nanogrid road lighting systems shows satisfactory feasibility in terms of power quality and economic performance.
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Economic Analysis of Improving the Energy Efficiency of Nanogrid Solar Road Lighting Using Adaptive Lighting Control
(2020-01-01)
Chiradeja, Pathomthat
;
Yoomak, Suntiti
;
Ngaopitakkul, Atthapol
This paper presents a road lighting control system that uses a light-dependent resistor sensor cooperating with an Internet protocol camera to the lower energy consumption during unnecessary use of a lighting system. A microcontroller was used as a control circuit to automatically control the brightness of a light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire, increasing or decreasing the brightness depending on traffic density. The proposed lighting control system was integrated into a nanogrid solar road lighting system and analysed through an experimental setup. Furthermore, nanogrid solar road lighting systems in LED solar stand-alone and grid-connected operations, with and without the proposed lighting control, were investigated and compared with a conventional existing road lighting system in terms of economic feasibility, based on the following indicators: discounted payback period, net present value, internal rate of return, and profitability index. The results indicate that the use of the Internet protocol camera with the LED sensor can automatically control the on/off state or illuminance levels of the LED luminaire, thereby lowering the energy consumption of the road lighting system when lighting is not required. The economic assessment results indicate that the nanogrid solar road lighting system in LED solar stand-alone and grid-connected road lighting modes exhibit feasibility for investment; the latter provides more economic feasibility. However, when the proposed lighting control is included, the nanogrid solar road lighting system in both modes have lower initial investment costs and save more energy. Consequently, the economic results are improved. The use of the proposed lighting control is thus economically feasible for road lighting systems.
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Feasibility Analysis of Different Energy Storage Systems for Solar Road Lighting Systems
(2019-01-01)
Yoomak, Suntiti
;
Ngaopitakkul, Atthapol
This paper investigates and analyses the feasibility of different energy storage systems for solar road lighting systems. The energy storage systems used in this paper are divided into two cases, namely, homogenous energy storage system [lead-acid (LA) batteries, lithium-ion (LI) batteries, and ultracapacitors (UCs)] and hybrid energy storage systems [lead-acid batteries with ultracapacitors (LA and UC) and lithium-ion batteries with ultracapacitors (LI and UC)]. Various solar power schemes are implemented based on stable and unstable solar irradiance conditions using an experimental setup. The economic analysis of the solar road lighting systems is performed based on the presented energy storage systems using discounted payback period (DPP), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). The installation of energy storage systems with individual and central systems for the solar road lighting system is also discussed. The results show that the LA batteries, LI batteries, and UCs yielded satisfactory active power quality for effective charging in all ranges of solar irradiance. However, the lifetimes of battery devices are degraded during dynamic active power charging. To overcome this shortcoming, hybrid energy storage systems are proposed using batteries and UCs. The use of LA batteries yields the lowest installation cost. However, the LI batteries offer the best economic viability in the long term. The cost of the UCs is too high to be used as an energy storage system for solar road lighting systems. However, the use of appropriate proportions of the UCs with batteries to reduce current and active power fluctuations for charging the batteries is economically viable.

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