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Author: search.filters.author.Nisapai, Wiparat

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    Monitoring of organochlorine pesticide residues in school milk and associated health risk assessment in Thailand
    (2026-06-01)
    Cha-aim, Chatartorn
    ;
    Manamoongmongkol, Kanjana
    ;
    Nisapai, Wiparat
    ;
    Phumjan, Lamphung
    ;
    Oomnog, Niroth
    School milk products are recognized as an important and affordable food source for Thai people, particularly students. However, milk was classified as an agricultural product in which organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues can be detected due to its fat content. This study investigated the levels of organochlorine pesticides in school milk products, including raw milk, pasteurized milk, and UHT milk, using the QuEChERS method. The fat content of these three types of milk was 3.50%, 3.03%, and 3.33%, respectively. A correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.9953–0.9998 confirmed the validity of the QuEChERS method. The limit of detection (LOD) for each pesticide ranged from 0.003 to 0.0615 mg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.010 to 0.2050 mg/kg, with recovery rates of 80.95–110.00%. The analysis for 13 organochlorine pesticide residues, including Aldrin, Cis-Chlordane, Trans-Chlordane, Dieldrin, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, Endrin, Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide, alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, and gamma-HCH using a GC–MS, revealed that no residues were detected above the LOQ (0.01 mg/kg) in any samples, indicating compliance with food safety standards. A scenario-based risk assessment using estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) suggested that, although current exposure is negligible, potential risks may arise under worst-case conditions, particularly for aldrin, dieldrin, and heptachlor in high-consumption groups. Overall, school milk products in Thailand are considered safe; however, continuous monitoring and risk assessment remain essential to ensure long-term food safety.
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    Degradation of Penicillin G contaminant in synthesized wastewater by Fenton-like reaction
    (2022-06-08)
    Nisapai, Wiparat
    ;
    Paikamnam, Athipong
    ;
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    ;
    Neramittagapong, Sutasinee
    ;
    Theerakulpisut, Somnuk
    The aim of this research was to investigate the degradation of Penicillin G (PEN G) in synthesized wastewater via a Fenton-like reaction. Calcium dioxide (CaO2) was used as an oxidant in the Fenton-like reaction. Factors of the PEN G degradation study such as pH, FeSO4, CaO2, and reaction time were determined using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The experimental study was conducted in a 500 mL batch reactor, with 150 ppm initial concentration of PEN G. The results showed that PEN G degradation was optimal (38.67%) at pH 3, ferrous dosage of 0.08 g/L, CaO2 concentration of 1 g/L, and reaction time of 120 min. The degradation took place in the first 20 min. The reaction time was increased up to 120 min to achieve a pH of 8 in the test solution to meet the industrial effluent standard by the Ministry of Industry, Thailand. The kinetic study indicated second order and the pseudo first order reaction for the degradation in 0-20 min and 20-120 min, respectively. The research results indicated that pH, iron dosage, and CaO2 content-except reaction time-influenced PEN G degradation as predicted by the BBD. The degradation was substantially quick as well. Fenton-like reaction for a high concentration of PEN G should be used as pre-treatment.
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