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Author: search.filters.author.Numwong, NatthidaSubject: search.filters.subject.Biodiesel

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    Conversion of palm oil into biodiesel production with heterogeneous catalyst derived from spent coffee grounds ash: Process optimization through response surface methodology
    (2021-01-01)
    Jitjamnong, Jakkrapong
    ;
    Numwong, Natthida
    ;
    Chuaykarn, Narinphop
    ;
    Direksilp, Chatrawee
    ;
    Luengnaruemitchai, Apanee
    In the present study, the calcination of spent coffee grounds (SCG) supporting potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate (K<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf>) was used as a novel solid heterogeneous catalyst to convert palm oil to fatty acid methyl ester. The response surface method based on Box Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the biodiesel yield. The prepared catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. EDS analysis of the synthesis catalyst exhibited the presence of active potassium species for high catalytic activity. The 30K/SCG–600 catalysts exhibited the highest catalytic activity and were rich in K that formed a basic heterogeneous catalyst and the highest total basicity. The effects of catalyst loading (4.5–5.5 wt.%), methanol to oil molar ratio (6:1–12:1), and reaction time (60–120 min) on the transesterification were investigated. The results showed that the predicted optimum response for biodiesel yield from RSM was 97.01%, which could be obtained using methanol: oil molar ratio of 6.68:1, catalyst loading of 4.94 wt.%, and reaction time at 82.42 min. The actual biodiesel conversion of 97.08% was achieved under the predicted optimal conditions. The results of various statistics employed with high R<sup>2</sup> (95.07%) and R<sup>2</sup>adj (88.73%) values indicated that the predicted and actual biodiesel yield was accurate and reliable.
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    Influence of Mg modifier on cis-trans selectivity in partial hydrogenation of biodiesel using different metal types
    (2016-06-25)
    Thunyaratchatanon, Chachchaya
    ;
    Jitjamnong, Jakkapong
    ;
    Luengnaruemitchai, Apanee
    ;
    Numwong, Natthida
    ;
    Chollacoop, Nuwong
    The catalytic performance of Pd, Pt, and Ni supported on catalysts was investigated for partial hydrogenation of soybean methyl esters, in terms of FAME composition and biodiesel properties, especially oxidative stability and cold flow properties. The effect of Mg modifier over SiO-supported catalysts on cis-trans selectivity of polyunsaturated FAMEs was also examined. The catalytic testing was performed under reaction conditions of 4 bar hydrogen pressure and 80-120 °C. Hydrogenation activity was presented by turnover frequency (TOF) of diunsaturated fatty acid (C18:2) within 4 h of the reaction time. The highest TOF was obtained over Pd catalysts, while the lowest TOF was obtained from Ni catalysts. At high reaction temperature conditions showed a large amount of cis-monounsaturated fatty acid (cis-C18:1); however, it exhibited a large amount of trans-monounsaturated fatty acid (trans-C18:1) which has a negative impact on biodiesel properties. The XPS revealed that the introduction of Mg leads to a strong metal-support interaction caused by electron transfer from the support to the metal, which decreased trans-C18:1 formation and presented the higher oxidative stability than the catalysts without Mg modifier.