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Impact of botanical essential oils on pupation and survival of Musca domestica L.
(2026-05-01)
Moungthipmalai, T.
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Sriboonjit, N.
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Khuendee, P.
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Phunglakchai, J.
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Thongsaiklaing, M.
Among the tested botanical extracts, Illicium verum (star anise) essential oil at 10% demonstrated the highest efficacy in disrupting normal pupal development. Only 65.00% of individuals successfully emerged as fully developed adults after a 10-day exposure period. A notable proportion exhibited transitional deformities, particularly malformed pupal-adult intermediates, indicating interference with metamorphic progression. In comparison, cypermethrin, a commonly applied synthetic insecticide at the same concentration, resulted in a lower mortality rate of 39.67% under identical experimental conditions. The superior performance of star anise oil highlighted its potential as a plant-derived alternative for insect control. These findings suggested that the incorporation of such natural products into integrated pest management strategies may reduce dependence on conventional synthetic chemicals.
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Larvicidal efficacy and morphological abnormalities induced by plant essential oils against housefly (Musca domestica L.)
(2026-03-01)
Passara, H.
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Sittichok, S.
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Moungthipmalai, T.
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Laosinwattana, C.
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Thongsaiklaing, M.
The results showed that the lowest complete pupation rate was 43.67%, indicating a significant inhibition of normal metamorphosis. Additionally, 56.33% of third-instar larvae were classified as malformed larvae (ML), dying before pupation and exhibiting severe morphological and physiological abnormalities. These findings suggest that the star anise nanoemulsion interferes with key developmental pathways, preventing larvae from reaching the pupal stage. Due to its high effectiveness and plant-based origin, this nanoformulation offers a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical insecticides. It has potential for further development into a natural larvicidal agent for use in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies targeting housefly populations. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms of action and assess the efficacy and safety of this nanoemulsion under real-world conditions to support its application in sustainable vector control.
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Antifungal efficacy of stingless bee honey extracts against a black mould causing pathogen Lasiodiplodia spp
(2026-03-01)
Datumada, H.
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Niyomdecha, A.
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Passara, H.
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Ramdoung, T.
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Sudwisai, W.
Fungal species causing the black sooty mould were isolated from fruit peels and subjected to molecular genetic analysis. The nucleotide sequences were found to be 100% identical to the fungus Lasiodiplodia iranensis. Results from testing the antifungal properties of stingless bee honey extracts showed that the extract from the H. itama species exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, followed by T. pagdeni, G. thoracica, and T. fuscobalteata. The average inhibition values were 21.43+1.27, 18.54+1.50, 17.51+1.76, and 17.18+0.91 mm., respectively.
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Head lice prevalence in suburban Bangkok, Thailand, after the COVID-19 pandemic and herbal shampoo treatment
(2026-01-01)
Sinthusiri, J.
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Sittichok, S.
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Passara, H.
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Soonwera, M.
The prevalence of pediculosis among 3,461 girls from 10 government kindergartens and primary schools in Ladkrabang district was 48.1% in the 1st semester (May-September 2022) and 44.6% in the 2nd semester (November 2022-March 2023), higher among primary school girls, at 51.8-55.4%, than in kindergarteners, at 30.2-33.1%. Over 80% of the infested girls came from a low-income family (<3,000 USD per year). The Zingiberaceae essential oil and shampoo treatments were highly effective with 100% cure rate for every infested girl after the 2nd treatment (on Day 10, after the 1st treatment on Day 1). Effective strategies for reducing head lice prevalence are improved living standards and head lice eradication by treatments with effective natural pediculicides and improved head lice educational program.
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Identification of new position of DNA insertion and 24 bp INDEL mutation polymorphism in Prolactin gene promoter of Thai native chickens
(2025-07-01)
Thongsaiklaing, T.
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Datumada, H.
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Morris, J.
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Passara, H.
This research identified a 24-bp INDEL (-358) on the promoter region of the PRL gene in Thai native chickens. The allele frequencies for allele I and allele D were 0.20 and 0.80, respectively. The genotype frequencies were II (0.028), ID (0.349), and DD (0.622), respectively. The heterozygosity values comprised the Ho (0.350), higher than the He value (0.323). Moreover, our findings revealed new DNA duplication on the PRL promoter region, with three distinct polymorphisms of 30 bp (-358), 24 bp (-358), and 14 bp (-358), respectively.
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Plant essential oils, trans-anethole and eugenol, for housefly knockdown and mortality
(2025-03-01)
Sittichok, S.
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Passara, H.
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Sinthusiri, J.
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Soonwera, M.
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Thongsaiklaing, T.
The knockdown and mortality of some compounds from natural oils (trans-anethole, eugenol and a combination of trans-anethole and eugenol) against adult houseflies (Musca domestica) compared with cypermethrin was investigated. The knockdown and mortalities were highest at 100% of 1% trans-anethole with KT50= 31 min and LT50 = 31 min. The mortality index of trans-anethole was 82.1 times that of cypermethrin. In contrast, 1% eugenol had knockdown and mortality was 36% and 0.5% trans-anethole + 0.5% eugenol had knockdown and mortality of 68%, with mortality indexes of 1.6 and 3.2 times versus cypermethrin. The trans-anethole high toxicity and low residue made it a superior control for houseflies.
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Efficacy of plant essential oils for repelling against American cockroach adults (Periplaneta americana L.)
(2025-01-01)
Passara, H.
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Soonwera, M.
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Arhamad-Armeen, N.
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Sittichok, S.
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Jintanasirinurak, S.
The combination of four plant essential oils (EOs) from star anise, citronella grass, lemon grass, and cinnamon was evaluated for repelling American cockroaches by the dual-choice method. A combination of star anise + citronella grass had a repellency rate of 95%. In contrast, combinations of star anise + lemon grass and star anise + cinnamon were effective between 73% and 69%, but the synthetic chemical repellent (12% DEET) was less effective at 59%. Therefore, the essential oils formulae had a high potential for effective use and, further, are harmless for healthiness and the environment. Thus, they can replace more toxic synthetic insecticides.
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Larvicidal and pupicidal activity of combination of two plant essential oils against Aedes aegypti
(2025-01-01)
Sinthusiri, J.
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Puwanard, C.
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Passara, H.
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Soonwera, M.
The larvicidal and pupicidal effects of six mixtures of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.) and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) essential oils (EOs) and major compositions (geranial, α-pinene and trans- cinnamaldehyde) were tested against early fourth instar and pupal stages of Aedes aegypti. The combinations (2% cinnamon EO + 1% geranial, 2% cinnamon EO + 1% trans-cinnamaldehyde and 2% cinnamon EO + 1% α-pinene) showed high toxicity against early 4th instar larvae, with 100% mortalities at 24 hours and LT50 between 1.4 and 2.4 hours. Additionally, 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene showed >99% mortality at 24 hours with LT50 = 4.6 hours. 2% nutmeg EO + 1% geranial and 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene were highly toxic against pupae, with 100% mortality at 48 hours and LT50 values of 5.8 and 7.8 hours. On the other hand, temephos showed LT50 for larval and pupal stages at 9.8 and 94.1 hours. It showed that 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene was able to control immature stages and was more effective than temephos. However nutmeg extracts need to be checked for human and valuable species toxicity.
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Adulticidal activity of star anise, turmeric, cloves and combinations against houseflies
(2025-01-01)
Sinthusiri, J.
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Soonwera, M.
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Puwanard, C.
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Passara, H.
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Thongsaiklaing, T.
The small droplet size could increase the absorbed ingredients and high stability. The star anise nanoemulsion was determined optimum efficacy, with a 1% concentration resulting in the highest knockdown and mortality rate of 100%. Its KT<inf>50</inf> and mortality effective values were 28 min and 36 times, respectively. Furthermore, the adult stage of houseflies is found to be susceptible to star anise nanoemulsion. In contrast, cypermethrin was less toxic to it, with a high KT<inf>50</inf> and resistance to adult houseflies. Consequently, the star anise nanoemulsion could be developed into an efficient and safe environment for controlling housefly populations.
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The effectiveness of star anise nanoemulsion and chemical insecticide for controlling of beet armyworm
(2024-05-01)
Passara, H.
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Pumnuan, J.
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Thongsaiklaing, T.
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Thipmanee, K.
The effectiveness of star anise (Illicium verum) nanoemulsion and deltamethrin (chemical insecticide) was tested with beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) to evaluate their mortality, antifeedant, and growth inhibition effects at proper concentrations. As a result, at the obtained highest effectiveness, star anise nanoemulsion required 0.35% concentration for the maximum effectiveness with 100% mortality, antifeedant and growth inhibition effects against beet armyworm, when compared with the control (Tween20 and water), while deltamethrin exhibited a lower rate. Therefore, star anise nanoemulsion seem to be utilized as a highly effective and environmentally friendly insecticide to control beet armyworm.

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