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Laser-Carved Legacy: Exploring the Scientific Construction and Cultural Significance of the World’s Largest Golden Buddha in Thailand Through a Tourist Perspective
(2025-10-01)
White, Pattarinee
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Phae-Ngam, Wuttichai
;
Kamoldilok, Surachart
;
Naemchanthara, Kittisakchai
;
Limsuwan, Pichet
This research investigates the intersection of construction innovation and cultural heritage through the lens of tourist perceptions of the world’s largest carved golden Buddha, situated at Khao Chi Chan Mountain, Pattaya, Thailand. Positioned as an emerging tourism destination, this site contributes to the rebranding of Pattaya as a globally significant hub for religious tourism. This study highlights how this monumental Buddha statue fosters spiritual experiences, promotes the conservation of art and culture, and encapsulates a historical narrative tied to Thailand’s royal lineage. Notably, the statue’s creation employed a pioneering technique—the only one of its kind worldwide—involving laser-guided carving by artisans, followed by gold leaf application to enhance its aesthetic magnificence. A mixed-methods research approach was adopted, integrating historical document analysis with narrative accounts of the statue’s construction using modern technology, complemented by quantitative data collected through tourist questionnaires. By documenting the historical use of laser technology in creating this iconic Buddhist landmark, this research corrects misconceptions about its construction process and highlights the innovative application of a 20 W Argon ion laser for drawing the image of Buddha on the cliff. This study evaluates tourist perceptions using the DHARMA model, revealing how Destination Identity, Heritage Values, and Memorable Experiences foster emotional connections and spiritual enrichment (β = 0.801, p < 0.001). The findings underscore Khao Chi Chan’s potential to reposition Pattaya as a hub for Buddhist tourism, diversifying its image beyond nightlife-centric tourism. This work contributes to sustainable tourism by demonstrating how sacred sites can balance cultural preservation and economic vitality, offering insights for heritage management and urban tourism development in Southeast Asia.
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Preparation and Characterization of Low-emissivity AlN/Ag/AlN Films by Magnetron Co-sputtering Method
(2023-09-01)
Phae-Ngam, Wuttichai
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Kamoldilok, Surachart
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Rattana, Tanattha
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Lertvanithphol, Tossaporn
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Mungchamnankit, Araya
AlN and Ag thin films were deposited independently on the Si(100) wafers and glass slides by sputtering technique at various times to find the optimum deposition times for coating AlN and Ag films layers. The results obtained from glazing-incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmittance measurements showed that the optimum deposition time for coating AlN and Ag film layers were 40 min and 15 s corresponding to the film thickness of 46.7 and 19.6 nm, respectively. The optimum deposition times were used for coating AlN and Ag films in the multilayer AlN/Ag/AlN film stack. Then, the multilayer AlN/Ag/AlN film stack was deposited on the glass slide for transmittance measurement and a test glass plate with a size of 10 cm x 10 cm for infrared protection testing. The average solar transmittances in the visible range (λ = 380-780 nm) and in the near infrared range (λ = 780-2,000 nm) were found to be 48.05 and 15.17%, respectively which are comparable with those of a commercial glass.
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Fabrication and Characterization of Ag–Ta Thin Films by Co-Magnetron Sputtering as Alternative Layer for High Reflection of NIR Radiation
(2023-01-01)
Phae-Ngam, Wuttichai
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Rattana, Tanattha
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Kamoldilok, Surachart
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Kohmun, Kanokporn
;
Nakajima, Hideki
Silver–tantalum (Ag–Ta) thin films were fabricated by magnetron co-sputtering on silicon (Si) wafer (100) and glass slide substrates at room temperature. The Ag–Ta thin films were prepared at various deposition times of 5, 10, 20 and 30 s and the physical, structural and optical properties of the Ag–Ta thin films were investigated. It was determined that the thicknesses of the films were 7, 9, 17 and 33 nm, respectively. The results revealed that an increase in the film thickness leads to a monotonic increase in FCC and BCC phase of Ag and Ta, respectively. The work function and stoichiometric of the Ag–Ta thin films were investigated by ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies (UPS and XPS), respectively. The potential of Ag–Ta thin films to be used as low-emission coating was investigated using a spectrophotometer. A UV–VIS–NIR spectrophotometer was used to measure the spectral reflectance in the wavelength range from 300 to 2000 nm. The results showed that the Ag–Ta thin film deposited for 30 s exhibited higher reflectance in NIR region than those of 5, 10, 20 and 30 s. It demonstrated an average reflectance of about 80% and slightly decreased to 75% after being kept in the air atmosphere for 28 days. It can be likewise proposed as an alternative thin film with high reflectance of NIR radiation single layer to develop industrial low-emission coating for cost-effective, clean, and easy adaptation to a large area coating.

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