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Volatile Compound Profiling and Quality Assessment of Sweet Fermented High-Amylose Rice: A Comparative GC-MS Analysis with Traditional Glutinous Rice Fermentation
(2026-03-01)
Chucheep, Kamonwan
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Siriwong, Nongnuch
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Lai, Zee Wei
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Phanchindawan, Naree
High-amylose Lueang Patew Chumphon (LPC) rice, a Thai geographical indication variety, represents an underutilized resource for functional food development. This study investigated sweet fermented LPC rice (SFLPC) compared to conventional sweet fermented glutinous rice (SFGR) through comprehensive microbial, chemical, and nutritional characterization. Starter cakes contained Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, and Pediococcus pentosaceus (>99% similarity by ITS/16S rRNA sequencing and MALDI Biotyper). Both varieties demonstrated comparable fermentation with pH reductions to ~3.5 and lactic acid production (~6 g/L). GC-MS analysis with mass spectral library matching and Linear Retention Index (LRI) comparison tentatively annotated twelve volatile compounds. Absolute peak area analysis revealed distinct variety-specific profiles: SFGR was characterized by significantly higher ethyl palmitate (75.89 ± 19.30 vs. 16.80 ± 7.21 × 106, p = 0.008) and isobutyl alcohol (33.09 ± 3.56 vs. 23.53 ± 1.71 × 106, p = 0.014), exclusive ethyl dodecanoate (44.87 ± 20.60 × 106), and exclusive 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, while SFLPC showed exclusive ethyl acetate formation. Isoamyl alcohol was the dominant volatile in both varieties, with comparable absolute peak areas (273.91 ± 22.65 vs. 267.54 ± 28.78 × 106, ns). SFLPC demonstrated superior mineral retention (2.1-fold phosphorus, 1.9-fold potassium and magnesium) and enhanced antioxidant capacity (IC<inf>50</inf>: 3.30 vs. 5.20 μg/mL, representing 36% improvement). Degree of gelatinization analysis validated comparable starch gelatinization (32.5–40.1%) despite different cooking methods, confirming volatile differences arose from rice variety rather than processing. These findings demonstrate high-amylose LPC rice as a promising fermented food substrate offering enhanced nutritional properties and volatile compound profiles through traditional fermentation.
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Comparative Analysis of Biochar Properties from Lemon and Kumquat Peels at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures
(2025-01-01)
Limmun, Wanida
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Limmun, Warunee
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Ito, Ayumi
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Choolaaied, Orasa
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Phanchindawan, Naree
This study examines the effects of pyrolysis temperatures (500 °C and 700 °C) on the properties of biochar derived from lemon peel (LB), kumquat peel (KB), and their combination (LKB). The study analyzed the variations in biochar yield, elemental composition, and specific surface area. The results indicated that higher temperatures led to a reduction in yield but a significant improvement in specific surface area, pore volume, and carbonization, ultimately producing more stable and aromatic biochar. Additionally, LB700 and KB700 exhibited more developed pore structures and higher specific surface areas than those produced at 500 °C. Elemental analysis showed an increase in carbon content and a decrease in hydrogen content at elevated temperatures, suggesting improved biochar stability. These findings demonstrate that higher pyrolysis temperatures enhance the specific surface area and carbon content of biochar, making it more suitable for environmental applications such as soil quality improvement and pollutant adsorption. The study highlights the potential of using commonly discarded agricultural waste, such as lemon and kumquat peels, for biochar production.
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Investigating the Optimization of Magnetic Biochar Production from Rubber Seed Shells for Enhanced Cr(VI) Removal Efficiency
(2024-04-11)
Prangmoo, Yasumin
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Choolaaied, Orasa
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Phanchindawan, Naree
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Limmun, Warunee
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Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
This study aimed to utilize agricultural and produce low-cost magnetic biochar from rubber-seed shells using ferric chloride (FeCl3) as a transition metal. The study employs Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to determine optimal production conditions for removing chromium (Cr(VI)). The effect of preparation conditions such as pyrolysis temperature (500-700 °C), duration (90-180 min), and impregnation (1-3 M) on the produced magnetic biochar was examined. The optimal condition was demonstrated based on yield percentage and Cr(VI) removal efficiencies. The study revealed that the optimal conditions for producing magnetic biochar from rubber seed shells were a pyrolysis temperature of 580 °C, a pyrolysis time of 130 min, and a FeCl3 concentration of 3 M. Under these conditions, a yield of 48.63% was achieved, and the removal efficiencies for Cr(VI) were 41.29%. This research suggests that utilizing agricultural waste products from rubber seed shells may be a viable and economical method for producing magnetic biochar, which can serve as an efficient adsorption agent.
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Eco-friendly magnetic biochar from Leb Mu Nang banana peel: Response surface methodology optimization for Cd(II) adsorption from synthetic wastewater
(2024-02-01)
Limmun, Wanida
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Limmun, Warunee
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Borkowski, John J.
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Ishikawa, Nao
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Pairintra, Rattanachai
Magnetic biochar derived from Leb Mu Nang banana peel waste is introduced as a novel precursor for Cd(II) removal from synthetic wastewater. This study comprehensively evaluates and optimizes variable factors, including initial Cd(II) concentration, magnetic biochar (MLP) dosage, adsorption time, and initial pH level, using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Cd(II) removal efficiency of up to 93.4 % is reached under the conditions of a 50 mg/L initial concentration, 5 g/L MLP dosage, 24 h of adsorption time, and a solution pH of 8. The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models accurately represent the kinetics and isotherm adsorptions, highlighting ion exchange, surface complexation, and precipitation as primary adsorption mechanisms. The magnetic biochar derived from Leb Mu Nang banana peels shows promise for efficient Cd(II) removal with easy post-adsorption separation.
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Characterization and Application of Biochar Derived from Snake Fruit Peel for Lead Adsorption
(2024-01-01)
Maneesri, Wisit
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Choolaaied, Orasa
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Phanchindawan, Naree
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Ketpimol, Nopadol
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Limmun, Warunee
Lead (Pb(II)) is a prominent contaminant in industrial wastewater, causing environmental and health risks. Traditional treatment methods often encounter limitations, including high operational costs and low efficiency in dilute solutions. This study presents an innovative, cost-effective solution utilizing biochar derived from snake fruit peels. Two biochar materials, SB500 and SB700, were produced via pyrolysis at 500 °C and 700 °C, respectively. The results indicate that the physicochemical properties of biochar change with increasing pyrolysis temperature. In addition, adsorption kinetics experiments showed that the two biochars displayed rapid adsorption within the first 60 min, with adsorption capacities of 28.08 mg/g for SB500 and 26.68 mg/g for SB700. This behavior can be attributed to a combination of physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms. These findings highlight the significance of the surface properties of biochar, especially its mesoporous structures and functional groups. Furthermore, this study suggested developing an efficient approach to mitigating the environmental and health impacts of Pb(II) contamination while addressing the issue of agricultural waste management.
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Effect of Durio zibethinus Murr. cv. Monthong Rind as a Dietary Ingredient in Feed on the Growth Performance and Disease Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus)
(2023-04-01)
Sangkhonkhet, Nataporn
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Phanchindawan, Naree
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Lerdsuwan, Saichon
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Nalinanon, Warrapong
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Pisuttharachai, Duangjai
Monthong durian is a durian species mainly cultivated in Thailand. The rind makes up about 60-75% of whole fruit and is often discarded. Here, we evaluated the effect of durian rind, specifically the inner white peel, as a supplement for a fish diet on the growth performance and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Red Tilapia. Fish with an initial average weight of 42.68 ± 0.11 g were fed diets supplemented with durian rind at 0, 10, 15, and 20% for 140 days. Subsequent results showed that growth performance in terms of weight gain, average daily gain, length gain, and specific growth rates were not significant among treatments (P > 0.05). In addition, the feed conversion ratio and survival rate of fish fed with diets supplemented with durian rind were also not significantly different from the control (P > 0.05). After the 140-day feeding trial, fish were injected intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila, and the cumulative mortality was recorded for 14 days. The survival rate of fish-fed durian rind-supplemented diets at all levels was higher than that of the control. The highest survival rate and relative survival percentage were fish fed with 10% and 15% durian rind in the diet. Taken together, the white peel of the durian rind can be a potential fish feedstuff and can act as a natural antibiotic to improve fish resistance against A. hydrophila. Recommended level of durian rind supplementation is 10%-15% in the diet which will not affect growth but can enhance disease resistance to A. hydrophila.
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A Study of the Feasibility of Using Grey Sedge Residue to Facilitate Zero Waste Production
(2022-06-01)
Chucheep, Kamonwan
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Suwanpayak, Nathaporn
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Phanchindawan, Naree
There is approximately 30% of grey sedge (Lepironia articulata) residue remaining from weaving production that could add value to support zero waste management. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the feasibility of using a residue of grey sedge or Krajood strips from weaving production to form a value-added product. To obtain preliminary data, Krajood strip residue was examined for its biological and physical properties. In addition, the biological and physical properties of Krajood strip residue in combination with loam soil (KSRL) were examined and compared with the properties of loam soil (LS) itself. The results showed that the total microbe and moisture content of the Krajood strip residue was significantly higher than that of the products made from Krajood strips (KS). The stress value of Krajood strips was higher than the stress values of other samples except for that of a bag made of paper. Identification of bacteria and mold by MALDI Biotyper and DNA sequencing compared with BLAST revealed the presence of the types of soil microbes that benefit plants. KSRL was enriched with larger amounts of the primary elements important for plant growth: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the three second tier elements. The pH of KS, LS, and KSRL were 6.40 ± 0.14, 5.87 ± 0.04, and 5.26 ± 0.02, respectively. These results could support the use of this beneficial residue for bioresource sustainability.
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Six years monitoring of the promising low grain-Cd accumulating rice, RD15 cultivar grown on Cd-contaminated paddy soils
(2020-01-01)
Sriprachote, Anongnat
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Kanyawongha, Pornthiwa
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Boonplang, Nutcharee
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Phanchindawan, Naree
The experiment was conducted on the Cd-contaminated paddy field, two of Thai rice cultivars, the prevailing KDML105 and RD15 were included together with determining grain-Cd accumulation. The results had revealed that the RD15 contained Cd in grains not only lower than KDML105 but also lower than the critical level as proposed by Codex (0.4 mg kg-1 polished rice). Thus, the RD15 was selected as the promising low grain-Cd accumulating rice cultivar, and farmers were encouraged to grow this cultivar. The grains of prevailing and promising rice cultivars were annually collected for Cd analysis. After six-years monitoring, the results revealed that the average concentration of Cd in KDML105 was 0.658 mg kg-1, which exceeded the critical level. On the other hand, the average concentration observed in RD15 (0.127 mg kg-1) was lower than the critical level. The human dietary intake of Cd through rice consumption was calculated, comparing to the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) as adopted by FAO/WHO (7 ug Cd kg-1 BW per week), the PTWI of KDML105 was far exceeded the critical level. Contrary, the RD15 had the PTWI lower than the critical level. Present results indicated that, by cultivating RD15 the promising low-grain Cd cultivar, Cd intake together with health risk of human could be reduced.

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