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Author: search.filters.author.Phasomkusolsil, SiripornSubject: search.filters.subject.Essential oil

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    Efficacy of herbal essential oils as insecticide against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Anopheles Dirus (Peyton and Harrison)
    (2011-01-01)
    Phasomkusolsil, Siriporn
    ;
    Soonwera, Mayura
    The essential oils of Cananga odorata (ylang ylang), Citrus sinensis (orange), Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass), Eucalyptus citriodora (eucalyptus), Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove), were tested for their insecticide activity against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles dirus using the WHO standard susceptibility test. These were applied in soybean oil at dose of 1%, 5% and 10% (w/v). C. citratus had the KT<inf>50</inf> values against the three mosquito species tested but the knockdown rates (at 10, 30 and 60 minutes) were lower than some essential oils. C. citratus oil had high insecticidal activity against Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. dirus, with LC<inf>50</inf> values of <0.1, 2.22 and <0.1%, respectively. Ten percent C. citratus gave the highest mortality rates (100%) 24 hours after application. This study demonstrates the potential for the essential oil of C. citratus to be used as an insecticide against 3 species of mosquitoes.
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    Comparative mosquito repellency of essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)
    (2011-01-01)
    Phasomkusolsil, Siriporn
    ;
    Soonwera, Mayura
    Objective: To assess the repellency to female Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti), Anopheles dirus (An. dirus) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus) of seven essential oils using two treatment methods. Methods: Topical applications of three dose concentrations (0.02, 0.10 and 0.21 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) were made on the forearms of volunteers. Dose-response study and protection time study were employed in the experiment. Results: In the dose-response test, Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus), Cymbopogon nardus (C. nardus), Syzygium aromaticum (S. aromaticum) and Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) exhibited a high repellency against Ae. aegypti with ED<inf>50</inf> at < 0.045 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>, whereas C. citratus, C. nardus and S. aromaticum showed repellency against An. dirus with ED<inf>50</inf> at <0.068 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>. Furthermore, the essential oils of C. citratus, C. nardus, S. aromaticum, O. basilicum and Cananga odorata gave strong effective dose (ED<inf>50</inf>) values at <0.003 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> when tested against Cx. quinquefasciatus. For testing by arm in cage method, at 0.21 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>, protection time of C. citratus gave the longest lasting period against three mosquito species, 72 min for Ae. aegypti, 132 min for An. dirus and 84 min for Cx. quinquefasciatus. In addition, the two essential oils exhibited moderate repellency against Ae. aegypti, An. dirus and Cx. quinquefasciatus,at 60, 90 and 78 min with C. nardus, and 54, 96 and 72 min with S. aromaticum, respectively. Conclusions: The percentage repellency increased when the concentration of essential oils increased. In contrast, biting rates decreased when the concentration of essential oils increased. C. citratus exhibited high efficiency for the protection time and the percentage of biting deterrentagainst all of 3 mosquito species.
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    Potential larvicidal and pupacidal activities of herbal essential oils against Culex quinquefasciatus say and Anopheles minimus (Theobald)
    (2010-01-01)
    Phasomkusolsil, Siriporn
    ;
    Soonwera, Mayura
    The larvicidal and pupacidal effects of eight herbal essential oils were tested against third instar (L<inf>3</inf>), fourth instar (L<inf>4</inf>), and pupal stages of Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles minimus. Probit analysis was used to analyze the data. The larval mortality was recorded at 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes, and 24 hours. Pupal mortality was also recorded at 24 hours intervals for 96 hours when completed mortality was achieved. Citronella grass oil #2 (Cymbopogon nardus) proved to have the greatest toxicity against 3<sup>rd</sup> instar Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. minimus with LT<inf>50</inf> at 1.2 and <0.2 minute, respectively. It exhibited a high level of effectiveness against 4<sup>th</sup> instar Cx. quinquefasciatus (LT<inf>50</inf> at 5.1 minutes) and An. minimus (LT<inf>50</inf> at 0.9 minute). Regarding pupacidal activity, Cx. Quinquefasciatus and An. minimus pupae were susceptible to Lemon grass oil (LT<inf>50</inf> at 1.2 hours) and Citronella grass oil #1 (LT<inf>50</inf> at 0.6 hour), respectively. These oils had larvicidal and pupacidal activities with 100% mortality against L<inf>3</inf>, L<inf>4</inf> and pupal stage Cx. quinquefasciatus at 10 minutes, 30 minutes and 24 hours. They also caused 100% mortality of An. minimus at 5 minutes (L<inf>3</inf>, L<inf>4</inf>), and 24 hours (pupal stage).