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Effects of extrusion variables on extrudate characteristics from corn-based enriched with soybean residue
(2019-09-09)
Unsaeng, K.
;
Hannanta-Anan, P.
;
Phongpipatpong, M.
Soybean residue is a food processing by-product of soya milk or tofu production process. It consists of rich protein and fiber. As a result, reprocessing soybean residue as human food can be a worthwhile alternative. This research focuses on studying the effects of extrusion process and the extrudate characteristics. The mixture of corn grit and soybean residue flour was extruded by single-screw extruder to produce high protein snack. Experimental design was performed by Box-Behnken design and Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to assess the effects on extrusion variables, including screw speed (370-430 RPM), soybean residue flour content (20-40%) and feed moisture (14-18%) on the properties of the extrudates including, expansion ratio (ER), density (D), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and hardness (H). Analysis of variance showed that the most significant variables are soybean residue, which has negative effect on ER and positive effect on H, and screw speed, which has positive effect on ER and H, while feed moisture is non-significant in most characteristics.
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Effect of extrusion conditions on the physical properties of coconut rice-based extrudates
(2019-09-09)
Dumchaiyapoom, K.
;
Hannanta-Anan, P.
;
Phongpipatpong, M.
Coconut meal is a by-product of coconut oil and coconut milk production. It is a rich source of dietary fiber which shows to have an important role in lowing the risk of various chronic diseases. Therefore, it is interesting to convert the coconut meal, previously recognized as a valueless by-product, into a nutritious food product. The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of such conversion using a widely known extrusion method. The effect of extrusion variables, including the coconut meal content (0, 6, and 12 %), glutinous rice content (5, 10 and 15%) and screw speed of extruder (380, 400 and 420 rpm) were investigated on the properties of extruded products. Physical properties of the extrudates such as expansion ratio, density, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), crispness and moisture content were evaluated. Our study showed that the extrudates had expansion ratio of 2.30-2.78%, density of 0.55-0.76 g/cm3, WAI of 4.24-5.50 g/g, WSI of 21.51-33.37%, crispness of 16.87-27.73 kg.sec and moisture content of 6.76-8.27%. The regression models for true density, expansion ratio, crispness, WAI and WSI were derived and statistically significant (p<0.05).
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Optimization of spray drying condition for longan drink powder using response surface methodology
(2008-01-01)
Phongpipatpong, M.
;
Patamarajvichian, P.
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Namkhot, S.
;
Amornviriyakul, S.
A pilot scale spray dryer with cocurrent operation and a two-fluid nozzle atomizer was used for drying of longan juice. A three-factor Box Behnken design was adopted to investigate the effect of processing variables including ratio of maltodextrin added (0.4-0.6 g g-1 of total soluble solid), drying air temperature (165-185°C), and air velocity (1.45-1.80 m3 min-1) on product yield, moisture content, density, and solubility. Significant regression models in the form of second order polynomial describing the product characteristics with respect to the independent variables were established, with the coefficient of determination greater than 0.8. Results showed that product yield increased with increase in ratio of maltodextrin added and in drying air temperature, whereas decreased with increase in air velocity. The most important factor affecting solubility was drying air temperature. The optimum condition at ratio of maltodextrin added 0.6 g per g, drying air temperature 185°C, and air velocity at 1.45 m3min-1 provided high product yield and solubility.
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Synthesis of rice processing plants. II. MINLP optimization
(2003-10-01)
Phongpipatpong, M.
;
Douglas, P. L.
A systematic design approach was applied to develop the optimal process flowsheet for a rice processing plant. The optimization problem was formulated as a Mixed-Integer NonLinear Programme, MINLP, consisting of vectors of binary and continuous variables. A superstructure flowsheet comprising all serial structures of drying, cooling, and tempering units in the process was postulated. The set of optimum decision variables including the number of drying, cooling, and tempering units, temperature and relative humidity of drying air, drying time, cooling time, and tempering time were determine as the solution of the corresponding MINLP. Six objective functions were investigated as possible performance criteria: production time, number of the operating units, energy consumption, total operating cost, head rice yield, and the profit. The choice of objective function was found to have a significant effect on the optimal solution. Comparison with typical design and operating conditions, the MINLP results showed that a 22% reduction in energy consumption was possible along with a 2.4% increase in head rice yield. These savings, if applied to the world-wide rice industry, translate into more than $3 billion dollars/year increase in profit.
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Synthesis of rice processing plants. I. Development of simplified models
(2003-10-01)
Phongpipatpong, M.
;
Douglas, P. L.
This article, the first of three articles on the synthesis of rice processing plants, focuses on the development of simplified mathematical models necessary for use in optimizing rice processing plants. The second concentrates on the optimal synthesis of a rice plant and the third on the sensitivity of the optimization to uncertainty in model parameters. Existing models for rice processing unit operations are not suitable for flowsheet optimization and new models need to be developed to overcome numerical difficulties that occur in optimization applications, specifically in mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) applications. Simplified models of the drying, cooling, and tempering units are developed. In addition head rice yield models, used as a quality indicator, energy consumption, and economic models were also developed. Naturally, the new models exhibit some mismatch with respect to the existing models from which they were developed. However, a sensitivity analysis, presented in Part III, has shown that the optimal flowsheet structure was not sensitive to a lack of fit between the simplified and complex models. The simplified models were found adequate to be appropriate for use at the synthesis stage.
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Synthesis of rice processing plants. III. Sensitivity analysis
(2003-10-01)
Phongpipatpong, M.
;
Douglas, P. L.
An optimal process flowsheet for a rice processing plant has been developed. The optimization problem was formulated as a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programme, MINLP, consisting of a vector of binary and continuous variables. The set of optimum decision variables including the number of drying, cooling, and tempering units, temperature and relative humidity of drying air, drying time, cooling time, and tempering time were determined as the solution of the MINLP problem. Six objective functions were investigated as performance criteria. A sensitivity analysis of each model parameter was conducted to determine its influence on the optimal flowsheet. The MINLP approach is an efficient tool for optimization and the simplified models were adequate for use at the synthesis stage. The solution is insensitive to uncertainty in the models. However, due to the nonconvex nature of MINLPs, the solution was found to depend on the initial starting values, especially for the maximum profit flowsheet.

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