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Author: search.filters.author.Phumpho, SuwilaiSubject: search.filters.subject.3D printing

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    Item type:Publication,
    Innovative educational technology for visually impaired learners using a 3D-Printed foot reflexology robot
    (2026-06-01)
    Nabudda, Kriengkrai
    ;
    Nabudda, Kanokpit
    ;
    Kitprathaung, Nustha
    ;
    Phumpho, Suwilai
    ;
    Poungthong, Pongthep
    This study presents the design, development, and validation of a foot reflexology teaching robot that integrates multidisciplinary design, rapid prototyping, and user-centred assistive educational strategies to support tactile learning for visually impaired individuals. A digital foot model, derived from anthropometric data of an average Thai female, was refined to achieve a balance between anatomical accuracy and manufacturability. The structural design featured modular internal compartments, precision openings, and detachable covers to support maintenance without compromising anatomical realism. Fabrication using PLA-based fused deposition modelling (FDM) produced a lightweight, durable, and cost-effective prototype incorporating interactive tactile sensing and modular electrical components. A Raspberry Pi platform programmed in Python enabled audio-based instructional feedback triggered by tactile interaction, creating a multisensory educational device for experiential reflexology training. Structured evaluation sessions with 29 visually impaired learners confirmed its effectiveness in facilitating hands-on engagement, multisensory learning, and usability, with high satisfaction across safety and practicality. Overall, this work establishes a replicable framework for developing accessible and inclusive assistive educational technologies.• Integrated multidisciplinary design and user-centred development approach.• Applied rapid prototyping to translate digital anatomical models into functional physical components.• Conducted user-based evaluation to assess educational effectiveness and accessibility.