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Impact of salinity stress during reproductive stage on physiological responses and yield of landrace rice genotypes
(2026-12-01)
Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Pinta, Wanwipa
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Rodnuch, Nattareeporn
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Boonsom, Maythas
Salinity significantly reduces rice yield, particularly when stress occurs during the reproductive stage. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and yield responses of rice genotypes subjected to salinity stress during this critical growth phase. The experiment followed a 4 × 10 factorial arrangements in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), comprising ten rice genotypes and four salinity levels (control, 6, 12, and 16 dS/m). Data were collected for electrolyte leakage, relative water content (RWC), proline content, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), total phenolic content, grain yield, and 1,000-seed weight. Salinity stress significantly affected both physiological and yield-related traits across all genotypes. Under 16 dS/m salinity, RWC and SCMR declined from 86.13% to 65.59% and from 41.86 to 26.56, respectively, at 14 days after salt application. Electrolyte leakage increased from 8.80% to 19.11% and from 13.12% to 33.23%, while proline accumulation rose sharply from 37.41 to 268.75 µg/g fresh weight. In contrast, total phenolic content decreased slightly from 7.22 to 6.38 mg/g dry weight. Among the genotypes, Met Makham produced the highest grain yield under control conditions (31.72 g/plant). Under moderate to severe salinity, however, Hom Yai consistently achieved the highest yields (18.35 and 15.14 g/plant at 12 and 16 dS/m, respectively) and exhibited the smallest yield reduction (42.12%) relative to the control at 16 dS/m. This reduction was lower than that observed in the salt-tolerant check variety Pokkali. Hom Yai also maintained high RWC (80.75%), SCMR (35.55), and phenolic content (7.22 mg/g), together with relatively low electrolyte leakage (20.91%) and stable yield performance under saline conditions. These findings suggest that Hom Yai was a promising genetic resource for cultivation in saline-prone areas and can serve as valuable parental lines in breeding programs aimed at developing high-yielding, salt-tolerant rice varieties.
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Yield Response of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes Cultivated in Post-Rice Paddy Field
(2025-01-01)
Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Pinta, Wanwipa
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Pitak, Lakkana
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Janket, Anon
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Bunphan, Darika
Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) are a nutrient-rich root crop with substantial nutritional, economic, and environmental benefits. This study assessed nine sweet potato genotypes across three distinct locations in Thailand to evaluate yield potential, adaptability, and environmental influences. Trials used a randomized complete block design with four replications. Location 1 (Thatum District) featured sandy soil with moderate pH, high salinity, and balanced nutrients but lower phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Location 2 (Maung District) had sandy, acidic soil but was the most chemically fertile, with high P and potassium (K). Location 3 (Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus) had loamy sand with higher silt content, acidic pH, low P, K, and electrical conductivity (EC). Results highlighted significant yield differences influenced by soil and environmental variability. Genotype SR18003 achieved the highest yield and harvest index, demonstrating strong adaptability and commercial potential. Strong correlations between storage root traits (number, size, and weight) indicate their usefulness for selection. The study underscores the importance of tailored soil management and location-specific genotypes in optimizing sweet potato production, contributing to resilient varieties, sustainable farming, and improved food security. Further research on genetics and agronomy can enhance breeding and cultivation systems.
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Effects of Parboiling on Chemical Properties, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Colored Landrace Rice
(2024-02-01)
Pinta, Wanwipa
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Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Kaewtaphan, Phissanu
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Kunyanee, Kannika
Parboiling influences chemical compositions in rice grains. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the change in chemical content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of landrace rice genotypes under parboiling conditions and to identify the genotypes suitable for production of parboiled rice. Landrace rice varieties used in this study consisted of Glam Feang, Glam Tonkeaw, Kawgum, Glam Luem Phua, Medmakham, Deang Sakonnakhon, Sang Yod, Kawniewd-eang, Mali Deang, KDML105 and RD6. Parboiling reduced fiber content, total phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity in rice grains. Fiber contents were 1.46% in brown rice (unpolished rice) and 1.40% in parboiled rice (24 h of soaking and 48 h of incubation). Total phenolic contents were 205.67 mg/100 g seed in brown rice and 35.34 mg/100 g seed in parboiled rice. Antioxidant capacity (DPPH) reduced from 68.45% in brown rice to 26.23% in parboiled rice. Ash content and protein content were not significantly affected by the parboiling process. Medmakham cv. had the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in brown rice and parboiled rice. Gum Leamphea cv. and Medmakham cv. were the best genotypes for ash content, protein content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) in brown rice and parboiled rice. Glam Feang cv. had the highest protein contents in brown rice and parboiled rice although it had low total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Cluster analysis further showed variation among genotypes, revealing distinct groupings in brown rice and parboiled rice based on chemical properties, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. This research significantly contributes to a better understanding on how parboiling affects rice compositions and nutritional values. It emphasizes the importance of nuanced comprehension of how different rice varieties respond to parboiling, aiding informed decisions in rice processing and selection to meet specific nutritional needs.
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Evaluation of seed sett ages and stem segment position on sugarcane yield and yield related traits
(2024-01-01)
Bunphan, Darika
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Wanna, Ruchuon
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Pinta, Wanwipa
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Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Malambane, Goitseone
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) plays a vital role in tropical and sub-tropical economies due to its high sucrose content, bioenergy potential, and drought resistance. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of different seed sett (seed material) ages and variations in stem position of the seed setts on both yield and yield related traits of sugarcane cv. Khon Kaen3 (KK3). The experiment was laid out by 3x3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Factor A represented sugarcane seed sett ages (8, 9 and 10 months old), factor B represented different stem positions where seed setts segments were sectioned out (basal, mid and top part) and-used as planting material (clones). Agronomic management was administered at recommended rates and the growth, development and yield traits were observed. The results showed that seed sett ages influenced the number of tillers at specific growth stages, while different segments affected leaf area (LA) and stalk fresh weight. Seed sett age and position showed significant interactions for some traits. Notably, juice yield was significantly affected by both seed sett ages and segments, with the combination of 10-month-old seed setts and the middle segment yielding the highest juice. Brix value, a crucial trait for sugar production, remained unaffected by these factors. Dry matter accumulation was inconsistent, with seed sett ages impacting stalk dry weight. In conclusion, the results showed that most growth and development traits were not influenced by seed sett ages and stem position segments, but most importantly juice yield at maturity was influenced by seed sett age and position of stem segments. These findings enhance our understanding of sugarcane cultivation practices, offering valuable insights for optimizing planting strategies in the sugarcane industry.
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Genotypic Variability of Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Germplasm
(2024-01-01)
Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Jogloy, Sanun
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Sennoi, Rattikarn
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Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Puttha, Ratchanee
This research examines the variability in tuber yield, yield component, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of twenty-five Jerusalem artichoke genotypes. The field experiment is arranged using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The plant tubers are harvested at maturity and recorded for tuber dry weight, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The results show significant genetic variations in tuber dry weight, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity determined by FRAP and ABTS methods. Significant and positive correlations are found among individual tuber dry weight, number of tubers per plant, tuber dry weight, including phenolic content, and antioxidant activity determined by the FRAPmethod. Jerusalem artichoke genotypes are classified into five groups based on tuber dry weight, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and FRAP methods. KT504 is identified as the accession with high levels of tuber dry weight, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, and this genotype might be used as a material source for the pharmaceutical industry. Total phenolic content in the tuber can serve as an index for selecting Jerusalem artichoke genotypes with direct high antioxidant activity.
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Stability of Phenols, Antioxidant Capacity and Grain Yield of Six Rice Genotypes
(2023-08-01)
Kunnam, Juthathip
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Pinta, Wanwipa
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Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Bunphan, Darika
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Thabthimtho, Thanasin
The environment is the main factor affecting variations in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of grain yield, phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of six rice genotypes. Six rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates at three locations in Trat, Bangkok and Sakon Nakhon provinces in July–October 2019. Data on grain yield, yield components, total phenolic content, ferulic acid and antioxidant capacity were recorded. Grain yield was highest for crops grown in Bangkok, whereas antioxidant activity was highest for crops grown in Bangkok and Sakon Nakhon. Hom Nang Nual 1 and Mali Nil Boran had the highest grain yield. Riceberry had the highest grain yield in Trat; it also had high levels of total phenolic compounds, ferulic acid and antioxidant activity. Mali Nil Boran, Mali Nil Surin and Riceberry had the most stable total phenolic content, ferulic acid and antioxidant activity, respectively. Information on the levels and variability of phytochemicals in rice enables the selection of genotypes with high and stabile phytochemicals for production and rice breeding.

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