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Study on the regeneration of sausage tree (Kigelia africana) by tissue culture
(2026-05-01)
Poeaim, S.
;
Poeaim, A.
This study investigated the regeneration of sausage tree (Kigelia africana) using tissue culture techniques, focusing on callus induction, shoot regeneration from seeds, and root induction from shoot explants. Seeds were cultured on solid MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA (0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 5 mg L⁻¹) for 10 weeks. Callus formation was observed at all BA concentrations, with the largest mean callus volume (5214.17 mm³) and highest induction rate (80%) achieved at 5 mg L⁻¹. Shoot regeneration occurred across all BA treatments, with the highest number of shoots (45 shoots; 86.54%) obtained on medium containing 1 mg L⁻¹ BA. Root induction was studied using shoot segments derived from seed-induced shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with IAA, NAA, or IBA for 4 weeks. IAA at 0.5 mg L⁻¹ induced roots in 33.33% of explants with an average root length of 6.68 mm. NAA at 2 mg L⁻¹ promoted the highest root induction (70.83%), though roots were shorter, while 1 mg L⁻¹ NAA produced fewer roots but with greater length (7.00 mm). IBA at 3 mg L⁻¹ induced rooting in 33.33% of explants with an average root length of 3.78 mm and also stimulated callus formation, with the largest callus volume observed at 2 mg L⁻¹. These results demonstrate that BA is effective for callus and shoot induction, whereas IAA, NAA, and IBA promote root formation, with distinct responses at different concentrations. The optimized protocols provide a foundation for in vitro propagation, mass multiplication, and conservation of K. africana, with potential applications in biotechnology and secondary metabolite production.
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Drought tolerance of Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184 by tissue culture
(2026-05-01)
Poeaim, S.
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Ngoenngam, L.
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Poeaim, A.
The multiple shoots induction of Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184 was cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/l TDZ. The percentage of shoot induction was 100%, the average number of shoots was 36.80 per seed, and the average height of shoots was 0.76 cm. The shoots were transferred to MS medium for rooting, supplemented with 0.3 mg/l IAA. The percentage of root induction was 40%, and the average number of roots was 6.50 per shoot. Physical gamma rays induced the mutation. Seeds were irradiated with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 50 Krad. The results showed that S. guianensis CIAT 184 irradiated at 44.38 Krad gave 50 % (GR50(30)) and 50% LD50(30) of 38.06 Krad. The drought tolerance of seeds supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of PEG-6000. The GR50 was 17.73 % at 2 weeks, and the LD50 was 14.86 % and 11.83 % for 4 and 12 weeks, respectively.
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Influence of leaf type, genotype, and location on bioactivities and assessment of genetic diversity in teak (Tectona grandis L. f.)
(2026-03-01)
Poeaim, S.
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Phonmakham, J.
Marked variation in biological activities was observed among teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) leaf extracts as influenced by leaf type, tree genotype, and planting location. Fresh leaves generally exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than fallen leaves, with significant differences detected among plus trees originating from Chiang Mai, Phrae, Sukhothai, Lampang, and Khon Kaen and grown at the Thongphaphum and Phitsanulok Silviculture Research Stations. Among all samples, the Phrae plus tree cultivated at Thongphaphum showed the highest antibacterial inhibition against the tested microorganisms. Methanol extracts demonstrated antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-inflammatory activities, while sequential extraction of Phrae plus tree leaves using hexane and dichloromethane yielded fractions with potent antibacterial effects, indicating promising potential for the development of new antibacterial agents. Genetic analysis based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers revealed similarity coefficients ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, reflecting low to moderate genetic diversity among the studied germplasm, with some samples exhibiting nearly identical genetic profiles. Overall, the observed variation in biological activities was closely associated with both genetic background and environmental conditions, providing valuable information for teak germplasm selection and the utilization of leaf-derived bioactive compounds in product development.
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Nutritional evaluation of santol (Sandoricum koetjape) and the effects of santol flesh extract on Drosophila melanogaster
(2025-05-01)
Aphichartphankawee, S.
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Poeaim, S.
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Pedklang, N.
Santol (Sandoricum koetjape) fruit was low in calories and deficient in vitamins B1, B2, and C, but it is a rich source of potassium, containing 156.05-188.48 mg per 100 g. The first filial (F1) generation was observed on the 3<sup>rd</sup> day after emergence, and survival rates exceeded 90% at all concentrations. In climbing assays, a 100 mg/mL concentration reduced climbing speed over a 10 cm distance by 9.35 times in the P generation and 7.74 times in the F1 generation compared to control. At this concentration, the adult emergence rate decreased to 53%, and body weight in both generations was reduced. However, no difference in body weight was observed at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/mL compared to controls. These findings indicated that santol fruit is a good source of potassium, but high concentrations of santol extract negatively impact the health and performance of D. melanogaster.
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Plant regeneration of Dimocarpus scandens (Winit & Kerr) Boonsuk & Chantar. (Lamyai-Thao) by tissue culture technique
(2025-05-01)
Jitwetkul, A.
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Poeaim, A.
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Pongtongkam, P.
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Chareonsap, P. P.
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Poeaim, S.
The minimum contamination percentage (25%) was recorded in the experiment using 0.2% mercuric chloride (HgCl2) for 20 min, which was observed to be a 50% germination rate after 2 weeks of culture. The maximum germination rate (68%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), giving a shoot length of 48.00 mm. and root length of 31.40 mm. The optimal condition of nodal segment sterilization was recorded in the experiment using 0.1% HgCl2 for 10 min, which gave 80% survival explants. For shoot induction, it was worked on MS solid medium with 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) that induced the highest average length of 11.31 mm. The highest root formation frequency (50%) and root length (3.0 mm) were achieved on an MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The plantlets were acclimatized and established in the soil.
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Evaluation of genetic diversity by molecular markers in Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica)
(2025-01-01)
Poeaim, S.
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Sangsoy, V.
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Tangthirasunun, N.
The genetic diversity and relationships among 16 cultivars of Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) using Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were investigated. The cultivars were collected from the Phrae Horticultural Research Center, Thailand. For SRAP analysis, 30 primer combinations were initially tested, comprising five forward and six reverse primers. Seven primer combinations consistently generated well-defined bands and were selected for genetic profiling. These SRAP primers amplified 172 fragments, with 145 (84.30%) polymorphic. For RAPD analysis, 50 primers were evaluated, and eight primers consistently produced clear bands of genetic profiling. These RAPD primers amplified 215 fragments, with 188 (87.44%) polymorphic. The genetic relationships among the cultivars were assessed using a dendrogram constructed with NTSYS-pc (version 2.1X) based on the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.90 for SRAP and from 0.58 to 0.89 for RAPD markers, indicating a high level of genetic diversity among the cultivars.
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Identification of SRAP and AFLP molecular markers associated with fruit traits in santol (Sandoricum koetjape)
(2024-07-01)
Pedklang, N.
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Poeaim, S.
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Sabpayakom, N.
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Vanijajiva, O.
The genetic diversity of santol (Sandoricum koetjape) using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers was investigated. Both molecular markers showed associations between fruit quality traits of economic importance, such as fruit weight and sweetness. The SRAP results revealed 128 amplified bands across nine primer pairs, indicating a polymorphism rate of 41.41%. Moreover, utilizing a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.85, santol cultivars were categorized into two major groups. Additionally, the AFLP analysis identified 171 amplified bands from seven primer pairs with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.79. Consequently, santol cultivars were further classified into three distinct groups based on these findings. When combining the SRAP and AFLP results, a total of 299 amplified bands were analyzed, resulting in the separation of santol cultivars into four groups. These findings demonstrated that using SRAP and AFLP, as well as their combined results, could elucidate the genetic diversity within santol cultivars and may contribute to their classification.
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Plant regeneration of Bauhinia purpurea by tissue culture technique
(2024-05-01)
Saparam, W.
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Poeaim, A.
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Pongtongkam, P.
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Chareonsap, P. P.
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Poeaim, S.
Results showed that the seed of Bauhinia purpurea germination was archived 100% from half-strength MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L Gibberellic acids (GA3) and gave 71.137 mm for the highest seedling. The optimal condition of nodal explants sterilization was E5, which gave 92% of survival explants. For the shoot induction method, the results showed that 24.270 mm was the highest proliferation of shoots achieved from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest number of roots was 2.867 roots, and the highest root length was 33.453 mm, obtained at half-strength MS medium complemented with 0.25 mg/L Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The 73.33% of plantlets were survived after being transferred to plastic pot.
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Effects of growth regulators on in vitro propagation of Sophora tomentosa L. (Necklace pod)
(2024-05-01)
Rungprateeppaiboon, N.
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Chareonsap, P. P.
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Pongtongkam, P.
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Poeaim, A.
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Poeaim, S.
Seeds of Sophora tomentosa were sterilized and germinated on MS medium with BAP (1 mg/L), which was observed to be 75% germination rate with the highest amount of multiple shoots (3 shoots per seed) and an average length of 29.56 mm. The germination rate was reduced to 33.33% by 1% NaCl. Multiple shoot induction was worked on MS medium with 2.0 mg/L of TDZ that induced the highest shoot bud formation rate (46.67%) with the highest amount of shoot bud (10.71 buds per culture), while 1.0 mg/L GA3 showed the highest average length of 34.13 mm. For root induction, 20% rooting was formed in 1/2 MS medium with a combination of 0.5 mg/L IAA and BAP with 0.1% AC, with 3 roots per culture and an average root length of 15.36 mm. After acclimatization for 16 weeks, 70% of the plantlets successfully survived.
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Genetic characterization of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars using ISSR molecular marker
(2024-05-01)
Poeaim, S.
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Sansanee, S.
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Chantaraprasit, T.
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Chareonsap, P. P.
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Tangthirasunun, N.
The genetic diversity of 22 cassava varieties using the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular marker was investigated. Genetic similarity was derived from the matrix of simple similarity coefficients using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). The genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.73 to 0.94. The similarity coefficient at 0.73, cluster analysis was clustered to be 22 cassava varieties into two significant groups. The first group was the sweet variety of cassava used for consumption, consisting of Rayong2, Hana-tee and variegated leaves used for decoration. Another group, the bitter variety of cassava used for industry, consisted of Rayong1, Rayong3, Rayong5, Rayong7, Rayong9, Rayong11, Rayong15, Rayong60, Rayong72, Rayong86-13, Rayong90, Kasetsart50, Kasetsart72, Huay Bong60, Huay Bong80, Huay Bong90, Pirun1, Pirun2 and unknown. The sweet and bitter variety contained different levels of cyanide content. So, the ISSR marker might be able characterize two major cassava varieties.

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