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Bioactive Potential of Gardenia obtusifolia Extracts: Antibacterial Effects of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction against Clinical Pathogens
(2026-03-01)
Natsakulmongkon, Phetrung
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Poeaim, Supattra
Gardenia obtusifolia, a traditional medicinal plant from Southeast Asia, was investigated for its phytochemical composition and bioactivity using methanol extracts and solvent-partitioned fractions from the leaves, fruit pulp, and rind. The plant material was authenticated morphologically and confirmed through matK gene analysis. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, and alkaloids. Among the fractions tested, the rind ethyl acetate fraction exhibited strong antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens, high phenolic content, and potent antioxidant capacity. GC-MS profiling identified key bioactive compounds, including vanillic acid, octadecane, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which likely contribute to the observed bioactivities. Among the solvent fractions, the rind ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated strong anti-tyrosinase activity. This fraction consistently exhibited high phenolic content and potent antioxidant capacity, suggesting that these bioactivities are attributable to key phytochemicals known for antioxidant effects. Purification and GC-MS profiling identified bioactive compounds in the rind ethyl acetate fraction, revealing vanillic acid as a major contributor to antioxidant activity. G. obtusifolia shows great promise for application in the cosmetic industry as a natural ingredient for skin-whitening and anti-aging formulations. However, further in vivo and clinical studies are required, as in vitro results may not directly reflect clinical efficacy.
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Genetic Differentiation and Population Structure of the Freshwater Snail Rivomarginella morrisoni (Gastropoda: Marginellidae) in Central and Southern Thailand
(2026-03-01)
Subpayakom, Navapong
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Wanitjirattikal, Puntipa
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Dumrongrojwattana, Pongrat
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Poeaim, Supattra
Rivomarginella morrisoni (Gastropoda: Marginellidae) is a narrowly distributed freshwater snail inhabiting drainage basins of central and southern Thailand. To clarify patterns of genetic differentiation across its range, 45 individuals from 11 sites across eight river basins were analyzed using two dominant molecular markers: sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). SRAP primers produced higher polymorphic information content (PIC) values than ISSR primers (0.35 vs. 0.27). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed strong population structure, with 80.29% of the genetic variation occurring among populations and 19.71% within populations Population differentiation statistic (PhiPT) = 0.803, p < 0.001). Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) consistently separated central and southern populations, and STRUCTURE supported K = 2 as the most likely number of clusters. Similarly, principal component analysis (PCA) of morphological traits also distinguished specimens into two groups corresponding to these geographic regions, confirming region-specific divergence. Overall, the genetic and morphological patterns indicate restricted gene flow among basins and a clear separation between central and southern lineages of R. morrisoni. This study provides the first molecular evidence of population structure in this species and offers important baseline information for future taxonomic, ecological, and conservation research on freshwater marginellid snails.
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Three-phase partitioning (TPP) purification, characterization and dye decolorization application of laccase from Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola TDW-48
(2026-02-01)
Luong, Thi Thu Huong
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Poeaim, Supattra
This study focused on the efficient and economical purification of laccase from P. acaciicola TDW-48 and its application in dye decolorization. Firstly, the P. acaciicola TDW-48's laccase was purified by the three-phase partitioning (TPP) method, and then the artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) optimization was used to improve the purification yield. The result indicated that the TPP method successfully purified P. acaciicola TDW-48's laccase with a high purification yield. After ANN-GA optimization, the strong interactive effects of the TPP parameters on purification yield were demonstrated by a high-accuracy ANN model (R-value of 0.99918 for all datasets). An optimum TPP system was developed, achieving 138.7 % activity recovery and 1.62-fold purity at a 57.82 % salt concentration, pH 5.75, and a t-butanol/enzyme ratio of 1.5. In the following, the enzyme characteristics and application potential of purified laccase were determined. The P. acaciicola TDW-48's laccase showed a molecular weight of 60.5 kDa and functioned optimally at pH 3 and 30 °C. The kinetic parameters implied high affinity and catalytic efficiency for the ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) substrate, with a low Km (37.9 μM) and a high Vmax (46.01 mM/min). Moreover, the purified laccase showed excellent potential for dye decolorization, with 44 % Congo red, 80 % bromophenol blue, and 58 % phenol red decolorized after 8 h of treatment.
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Biocontrol of Panama disease and postharvest anthracnose on bananas by Neosartorya and Talaromyces fungi
(2026-01-01)
Poeaim, Supattra
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Luong, Thi Thu Huong
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Pattarasaikul, Wutthipong
This study aimed to propose a potential antagonist for controlling both Panama disease and postharvest anthracnose in bananas. The findings revealed that Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum musae were the most virulent pathogens causing Panama disease and postharvest anthracnose, respectively. Through dual culture tests, Talaromyces trachyspermus AWP08-01 was identified as a promising biocontrol agent against both F. oxysporum and C. musae, achieving 62.30% spore inhibition and 42.09%, respectively. Moreover, the ethyl acetate extract of T. trachyspermus AWP08-01 showed good antifungal activity. At a 1000-µg/mL concentration, it could inhibit 22.14% and 51.58% spore production of F. oxysporum and C. musae, respectively. By GC-MS analysis, the ethyl acetate extract from T. trachyspermus AWP08-01 was detected containing benzoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecane and linoleic acid. These findings enhance our understanding of banana disease management and suggest the potential of T. trachyspermus for further development in management both pre-harvest and post-harvest banana diseases.
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Chemosensory-Driven Foraging and Nocturnal Activity in the Freshwater Snail Rivomarginella morrisoni (Gastropoda, Marginellidae): A Laboratory-Based Study
(2025-12-01)
Subpayakom, Navapong
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Dumrongrojwattana, Pongrat
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Poeaim, Supattra
Rivomarginella morrisoni is a freshwater snail endemic to Thailand, yet its behavioral ecology remains poorly understood. This study described the feeding behavior of R. morrisoni, focusing on its foraging activity, behavioral patterns, and food detection mechanisms under laboratory conditions using specimens collected from four river basins in central Thailand. Daily monitoring revealed nocturnal emergence, peaking between 21:00 and 22:00 h, with stable rhythms established 72 h post-feeding. Feeding trials revealed a preference for aged shrimp over fresh or decayed ones. Behavioral observations confirmed that food localization in R. morrisoni was mediated by chemical cues. Light–dark tests indicated a slight tendency toward darkness, but no significant phototactic response was observed. These findings suggest that R. morrisoni is a generalist scavenger with chemosensory-driven foraging and nocturnal activity. Its apparent sensitivity to habitat disturbance underscores the relevance of behavioral studies for informing future conservation and captive breeding efforts.
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Investigation of Biodegradation and Biocompatibility of Chitosan–Bacterial Cellulose Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
(2025-05-01)
Yodsanga, Somchai
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Poeaim, Supattra
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Chantarangsu, Soranun
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Swasdison, Somporn
Developing scaffolds with a three-dimensional porous structure and adequate mechanical properties remains a key challenge in tissue engineering of bone. These scaffolds must be biocompatible and biodegradable to effectively support osteoblastic cell attachment, metabolic activity, and differentiation. This study successfully fabricated a chitosan–bacterial cellulose (CS–BC) composite scaffold using the solvent casting/particle leaching (SCPL) technique, with NaOH/urea solution and sodium chloride crystals as the porogen. The scaffold exhibited a well-distributed porous network with pore sizes ranging from 300 to 500 µm. Biodegradation tests in PBS containing lysozyme revealed a continuous degradation process, while in vitro studies with MC3T3-E1 cells (pre-osteoblastic mouse cell line) demonstrated excellent cell attachment, as observed through SEM imaging. The scaffold also promoted increased metabolic activity (OD values) in the MTT assay, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and upregulated expression of osteogenic-related genes. These findings suggest that the CS–BC composite scaffold, fabricated using the SCPL method, holds great potential as a candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Multi-objective optimization of lignocellulolytic enzyme cocktail production from Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola TDW-48 by artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) strategy and its application in lignocellulose waste bioconversion
(2025-03-01)
Luong, Thi Thu Huong
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Poeaim, Supattra
A massive amount of lignocellulose waste is generated annually, causing many environmental concerns. The bioconversion of these wastes into value-added products by the lignocellulolytic enzymes (LCE) is one of the effective and environmental approaches. However, the use of LCE has not been extended due to high costs. This study aimed to enhance the yield of crude LCE cocktail production from Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola TDW-48 by optimizing cultural conditions using statistical tools. Firstly, the effect of cultural factors on LCE production was identified through the Plackett-Buman design. Then, the artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) strategy was applied to optimize the significant factors. The result shows that the production of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), xylanase, and laccase responded differently to cultural conditions. Among these, five factors (incubation time, water content, medium pH, glucose, and CuSO<inf>4</inf> concentration) were identified to have significant effects on enzyme activities. The ANN-GA optimization with a neuron network architecture (5-23-3) successfully modeled the crude LCE cocktail production, where the R-value achieved 0.98369 for the total dataset. A set of optimum conditions was proposed with an incubation time of 8 days, 72.6% water content, medium pH at 2.97, 0.5% glucose, and 0.53 g/L of CuSO<inf>4</inf>. With the above conditions, P. acaciicola TDW-48 could produce 23.97 U/g of CMCase, 26.02 U/g of xylanase, and 139.11 U/g of laccase, which enhanced 14.4%, 8.7%, and 405% activity, respectively, compared with non-optimization. In addition, the P. acaciicola TDW-48’s crude LCE cocktail performed a high bioconversion efficiency on lignocellulose waste, the reducing sugar yield achieved 327.29 mg/g on rice straw, 308.02 mg/g on rice husk, and 312.29 mg/g on corn stover after 8-h incubation. These results provided a highly effective approach for LCE production with multi-objective optimization based on an artificial intelligence platform and supported the reuse of lignocellulose waste toward the eco-friendly strategy.
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Efficient rice straw saccharification by enzyme extract from Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola TDW-48 and recycling its solid residue as a green and novel support for laccase immobilization
(2025-02-01)
Luong, Thi Thu Huong
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Poeaim, Supattra
This study aimed to provide a novel and feasible approach for rice straw bioconversion regarding the combination of enzymatic saccharification and recycling of its solid residue for enzyme immobilization. Firstly, rice straw was saccharified by Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola TDW-48's enzyme extract and then optimized to improve its performance. Next, the enzymatic-degraded rice straw (a solid residue from saccharification) was recycled as an enzyme support for laccase immobilization. The result indicates that the rice straw saccharification by P. acaciicola TDW-48's enzyme extract was a practical process for biofuel and other value-added product production. It reached 13.4 g/L of reducing sugar concentration under optimum conditions: 12 h of incubation time, 43.22 °C of temperature, pH of 4.5 and substrate loading of 0.48 g. In the next regard, enzymatic-degraded rice straw under adsorption-crosslinking mode was a promising novel support for laccase immobilization. This process achieved 1.24 U/gsupport of immobilized laccase activity and 88.3% in immobilization yield. The immobilized laccase could maintain 96.71% activity after 4 cycles and 53% activity after 10 cycles with ABTS substrate, and its stability was enhanced compared with free form. In addition, the immobilized laccase could decolorize 0.14 mg of bromophenol blue after 3 h and retain 53% relative efficiency after 6 cycles under biocatalyst bag form. This study encouraged the recycling of solid residue from rice straw saccharification, improving rice straw bioconversion. Moreover, it provided green, novel and economic support for enzyme immobilization with high applicability and simplicity.
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USING AGRI-FOOD WASTES AS POTENTIAL SUBSTRATES FOR XYLANASE PRODUCTION BY PENICILLIUM MENONORUM SP10 AND ITS APPLICATION IN CORNCOB SACCHARIFICATION
(2025-01-01)
Luong, Thi Thu Huong
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Prapasiri, Sarunpattori
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Krachang, Cholthicha
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Poeaim, Supattra
Xylanase is one of the key enzymes with wide spectrum application, especially in biomass saccharification. However, the xylanase production is still limited due to high processing costs. This study aimed to use agri-food wastes as substrates for Penicillium menonorum SP10’s xylanase production and investigate its capacity for corncob saccharification. The xylanase production was tested under solid-state fermentation using corncob, watermelon, passion fruit, lemon and orange peel substrates. Then, the corncob saccharification by P. menonorum SP10’s crude xylanase was optimized using a one-factor-at-time approach. The result indicates that P. menonorum SP10 could produce xylanase on agri-food waste substrates. The maximum xylanase activity was obtained on corncob with 45.35 U/mL after 7 days of incubation. Besides, P. menonorum SP10’s crude xylanase performed a high potential in corncob saccharification. It could release 6.08 mg/mL of reducing sugar under optimum conditions, including 0.4 g of substrate loading and temperature at 55℃ and pH 6 with an incubation time of 24 hours. Moreover, the hydrolysate’s sugar profile analysis on thin-layer chromatography indicated high glucose and xylose performances after saccharification. This study encouraged the reuse of agri-food wastes as cheap, abundant and nutrient substrates for xylanase production in the green, effective and economical direction.
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Four new species of genus Acmella W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda, Assimineidae) from Southern Thailand
(2025-01-01)
Seedee, Kunya
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Dumrongrojwattana, Pongrat
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Poeaim, Supattra
This study explores the diversity of microsnails inhabiting limestone caves in Southern Thailand. It describes four new species of the genus Acmella W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda, Assimineidae): Acmella krueangensis sp. nov. from Ranong Province, A. thamsingensis sp. nov. and A. changphueakensis sp. nov. from Chumphon Province, and A. kanchanaditensis sp. nov. from Surat Thani Province. These species are distinguished by shell morphology, particularly the number of striae on the last whorl and the protoconch sculpture. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences further support their distinctiveness and clarify their taxonomic placement. The results enhance the understanding of Acmella diversity in Thailand and shed light on biogeographical patterns found in this genus and the adaptations needed to survive under the conditions of cave systems.

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