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Impact of salinity stress during reproductive stage on physiological responses and yield of landrace rice genotypes
(2026-12-01)
Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Pinta, Wanwipa
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Rodnuch, Nattareeporn
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Boonsom, Maythas
Salinity significantly reduces rice yield, particularly when stress occurs during the reproductive stage. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and yield responses of rice genotypes subjected to salinity stress during this critical growth phase. The experiment followed a 4 × 10 factorial arrangements in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), comprising ten rice genotypes and four salinity levels (control, 6, 12, and 16 dS/m). Data were collected for electrolyte leakage, relative water content (RWC), proline content, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), total phenolic content, grain yield, and 1,000-seed weight. Salinity stress significantly affected both physiological and yield-related traits across all genotypes. Under 16 dS/m salinity, RWC and SCMR declined from 86.13% to 65.59% and from 41.86 to 26.56, respectively, at 14 days after salt application. Electrolyte leakage increased from 8.80% to 19.11% and from 13.12% to 33.23%, while proline accumulation rose sharply from 37.41 to 268.75 µg/g fresh weight. In contrast, total phenolic content decreased slightly from 7.22 to 6.38 mg/g dry weight. Among the genotypes, Met Makham produced the highest grain yield under control conditions (31.72 g/plant). Under moderate to severe salinity, however, Hom Yai consistently achieved the highest yields (18.35 and 15.14 g/plant at 12 and 16 dS/m, respectively) and exhibited the smallest yield reduction (42.12%) relative to the control at 16 dS/m. This reduction was lower than that observed in the salt-tolerant check variety Pokkali. Hom Yai also maintained high RWC (80.75%), SCMR (35.55), and phenolic content (7.22 mg/g), together with relatively low electrolyte leakage (20.91%) and stable yield performance under saline conditions. These findings suggest that Hom Yai was a promising genetic resource for cultivation in saline-prone areas and can serve as valuable parental lines in breeding programs aimed at developing high-yielding, salt-tolerant rice varieties.
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Responses of Photosynthetic, Agronomic Traits, and Yields to Different Nitrogen Regimes in Juice Sugarcane cv. Suphanburi 50 in Low-Fertility Soil
(2026-01-01)
Sawatraksa, Nateetip
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Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Lakhunthod, Preeyanuch
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Phiwdeang, Neeranuch
This study investigated the photosynthetic, agronomic traits, and yields responses to different nitrogen regimes of sugarcane cv. Suphanburi 50 and examined their relationship with cane yield. Field experiment was conducted during October 2022–October 2023. Four nitrogen regimes, namely, 46.9 (N base), 93.8 (N base + 46.9), 140.7 (N base + 93.8), and 203.2 (N base + 156.3) kg N/ha were studied using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in low-fertility soil. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv′/Fm′), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> (Ci), transpiration efficiency (TE), and agronomic traits were measured at 4, 8, and 12 months after transplanting (MAT). Biomass, cane and juice yields as well as brix were measured at 12 MAT. Applying nitrogen fertilizer at 140.7 and 203.2 kg N/ha significantly increased Fv′/Fm′, Pn, gs, Ci, and TE at 4 and 8 MAT. Applying nitrogen at 203.2 kg N/ha tended to produce higher stalk numbers (6.05 stalks/stool), cane yield (106.3 t/ha), and juice yield (33,856 L/ha); however, these traits as well as brix were not statistically significant among nitrogen regimes. These enhancements were of 15.24%, 11.89%, and 5.82% for stalk numbers, cane yield, and juice yield, respectively, when compared with N base control. Correlation showed that Fv′/Fm′ (r = 0.55∗) and E (r = 0.49∗) positively correlated with cane yield at harvest. Several agronomic traits correlated with cane yield, including tiller number at 4 MAT (r = 0.51∗), and cane height, stalk number, stalk diameter, and green leaves number (r = 0.41∗–0.60∗∗) at 8 and 12 MAT. This study provides new insights into the physiological and agronomic performance of a juice-type sugarcane cultivar grown in acidic sandy soils, offering valuable information for optimizing nutrient management and breeding strategies in juice sugarcane production.
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Adaptive responses of Jerusalem artichoke to mid-season drought: effects on phenolic compounds and p-coumaric acid content
(2025-12-01)
Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Jogloy, Sanun
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Janket, Anon
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Siripipatthana, Patthraporn
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Senawong, Thanaset
Background: Drought stress can influence the accumulation of phenolic compounds in plants. This study investigated the adaptive response of Jerusalem artichoke to mid-season drought stress, focusing on changes in total phenolic content and p-coumaric acid contents. Methods: A pot experiment was conducted using a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factor A comprised two irrigation treatments: field capacity (FC) and mid-season drought stress (maintaining 50% available soil water [50% AW] from 31 to 60 days after transplanting). Factor B included five Jerusalem artichoke genotypes with varying levels of drought resistance: JA 3, JA 125, JA 15, JA 89, and CN52867. Results: Mid-season drought significantly decreased leaf relative water content at 60 days after transplanting of Jerusalem artichoke in both years (73.2% in year 1 and 74.2% in year 2). Drought significantly affects total phenolic content in leaf and stem at 90 DAT but does not affect TPC in tuber. Genotype JA 125 showed high total phenolic content under drought conditions in leaf (38.3 mg GAE/g dry weight), stem (24.3 mg GAE/g dry weight) and tuber (9.0 mg GAE/g dry weight), especially in the second year. The JA3 genotype showed stability for increased accumulation of total phenolic contents under drought stress and this genotype also accumulated the highest p-coumaric acid (15.4 mg GAE/g dry weight) under drought stress. These findings highlight the potential of Jerusalem artichoke as a source of bioactive compounds and these genotypes can serve as breeding sources to enhance the drought resistance and high phenolic content of Jerusalem artichoke.
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Impact of Mid-Season Drought on Tuber Yield, Biomass, Harvest Index, and Water-Use Efficiency of Jerusalem Artichoke in Tropical Regions
(2025-02-01)
Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Jogloy, Sanun
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Kaewkhieo-Ngam, Thanawat
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Janket, Anon
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Puttha, Ratchanee
Mid-season drought is increasingly recognized as a major constraint on tuber production in Jerusalem artichoke. The ability of different genotypes to maintain high yields under such conditions is a critical component of drought tolerance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mid-season drought on tuber yield, biomass, harvest index, tuber water-use efficiency (WUEt), and biomass water-use efficiency (WUEb) across various Jerusalem artichoke genotypes with differing levels of drought tolerance. The experiment was conducted in pots using a 2 × 5 factorial combination in a randomized complete block design with four replications over two years. Factor A consisted of two water regimes: field capacity (FC) and mid-season drought. Factor B included five genotypes: JA 3, JA 125, JA 15, JA 89, and CN 52867. Mid-season drought significantly reduced tuber dry weight, biomass, WUEt, and WUEb, while increasing the harvest index. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for tuber dry weight, biomass, harvest index, WUEt, and WUEb under both water regimes. CN 52867 and JA 89 were characterized as drought-tolerant genotypes with high water-use efficiency and high yield potential. JA 3 was also noted for its lower yield reduction under stress. These three genotypes serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at developing progeny populations with enhanced yield potential and drought tolerance, particularly for mid-season drought-prone environments.
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Yield Response of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes Cultivated in Post-Rice Paddy Field
(2025-01-01)
Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Pinta, Wanwipa
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Pitak, Lakkana
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Janket, Anon
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Bunphan, Darika
Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) are a nutrient-rich root crop with substantial nutritional, economic, and environmental benefits. This study assessed nine sweet potato genotypes across three distinct locations in Thailand to evaluate yield potential, adaptability, and environmental influences. Trials used a randomized complete block design with four replications. Location 1 (Thatum District) featured sandy soil with moderate pH, high salinity, and balanced nutrients but lower phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Location 2 (Maung District) had sandy, acidic soil but was the most chemically fertile, with high P and potassium (K). Location 3 (Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus) had loamy sand with higher silt content, acidic pH, low P, K, and electrical conductivity (EC). Results highlighted significant yield differences influenced by soil and environmental variability. Genotype SR18003 achieved the highest yield and harvest index, demonstrating strong adaptability and commercial potential. Strong correlations between storage root traits (number, size, and weight) indicate their usefulness for selection. The study underscores the importance of tailored soil management and location-specific genotypes in optimizing sweet potato production, contributing to resilient varieties, sustainable farming, and improved food security. Further research on genetics and agronomy can enhance breeding and cultivation systems.
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Stability of anthocyanin, carotenoid and root yield of 10 sweet potato genotypes
(2024-12-01)
Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Surach, Noppadol
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Phungam, Nittaya
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Janket, Anon
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Bunphan, Darika
Sweet potato roots are rich in phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of number of storage roots, storage root dry weight, harvest index and anthocyanin and carotenoid contents of 10 sweet potato genotypes. Ten sweet potato genotypes were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replications at three locations in Surin province, including Rajamangala University of Technology Isan (RMUTI), Chomphra district and Sanom district during November 2022 to March 2023. Results indicated that the environment significantly influenced most traits, except for carotenoid content. Genotypes and genotype-environment interactions were significant for all traits. Number of storage roots was highest in genotypes found in RMUTI. Storage root yield and anthocyanin content was highest in genotypes found in Chomphra district, while harvest index and carotenoid content were highest in genotypes found in Sanom district. SR 2022/03 had the highest storage root yield across locations and in Chomphra district. KS 2022/07 had the highest harvest index and anthocyanin content across locations. SR 2022/10 had the highest anthocyanin content at RMUTI and also had the highest carotenoid content across locations. KS 2022/07 had the most stable storage root yield. SR 2022/01 had the most stable anthocyanin and carotenoid contents. Information on the levels and variability of phytochemicals in sweet potato enables breeders to select sweet potato genotypes with high and stable phytochemicals for sweet potato breeding.
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Genotypic Variability of Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Germplasm
(2024-01-01)
Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Jogloy, Sanun
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Sennoi, Rattikarn
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Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Puttha, Ratchanee
This research examines the variability in tuber yield, yield component, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of twenty-five Jerusalem artichoke genotypes. The field experiment is arranged using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The plant tubers are harvested at maturity and recorded for tuber dry weight, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The results show significant genetic variations in tuber dry weight, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity determined by FRAP and ABTS methods. Significant and positive correlations are found among individual tuber dry weight, number of tubers per plant, tuber dry weight, including phenolic content, and antioxidant activity determined by the FRAPmethod. Jerusalem artichoke genotypes are classified into five groups based on tuber dry weight, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and FRAP methods. KT504 is identified as the accession with high levels of tuber dry weight, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, and this genotype might be used as a material source for the pharmaceutical industry. Total phenolic content in the tuber can serve as an index for selecting Jerusalem artichoke genotypes with direct high antioxidant activity.
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Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium on physiology and yield of peanut under drought conditions
(2024-01-01)
Aninbon, Chorkaew
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Teamkao, Pattrarat
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Buram, Kiattisak
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Kaewnoo, Tipawan
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Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
Drought is the one primary issue limiting peanut growth and productivity. The study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), rhizobium (Rhi), and their combinations on phenolic content, proline content, growth, and yield of peanut under different soil water regimes. The pot experiments were carried out for two growing seasons under greenhouse conditions and designed based on a 2×3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Factor A comprised two soil water regimes: field capacity (FC) and 1/3 available soil water (1/3 AW), whereas factor B included three different types of microorganisms: (i) uninoculated control, (ii) arbuscular mycorrhiza (AMF), and (iii) a combination of AMF and rhizobium (Rhi) inoculations. Data were collected for growth, proline content, phenolic content, yield, and yield components. Drought stress significantly reduced in relative water content, leaf area, biomass, yield, and yield components of peanut, whereas leaf phenolic content was increased under drought stress. Higher pod dry weight was achieved under FC conditions (28.87 g plant-1), and it was reduced to 16.06 g plant-1 under 1/3 FC. Interestingly, AMF+Rhi synergistically increased the leaf area compared with non-incubated peanut under 1/3 FC conditions. AMF-inoculated peanut tended to increase biomass, while the combination of AMF+Rhi tended to have higher yield components compared with uninoculated control, especially for the weight of 100 seeds.
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Stability of Phenols, Antioxidant Capacity and Grain Yield of Six Rice Genotypes
(2023-08-01)
Kunnam, Juthathip
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Pinta, Wanwipa
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Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
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Bunphan, Darika
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Thabthimtho, Thanasin
The environment is the main factor affecting variations in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of grain yield, phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of six rice genotypes. Six rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates at three locations in Trat, Bangkok and Sakon Nakhon provinces in July–October 2019. Data on grain yield, yield components, total phenolic content, ferulic acid and antioxidant capacity were recorded. Grain yield was highest for crops grown in Bangkok, whereas antioxidant activity was highest for crops grown in Bangkok and Sakon Nakhon. Hom Nang Nual 1 and Mali Nil Boran had the highest grain yield. Riceberry had the highest grain yield in Trat; it also had high levels of total phenolic compounds, ferulic acid and antioxidant activity. Mali Nil Boran, Mali Nil Surin and Riceberry had the most stable total phenolic content, ferulic acid and antioxidant activity, respectively. Information on the levels and variability of phytochemicals in rice enables the selection of genotypes with high and stabile phytochemicals for production and rice breeding.

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