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Technoeconomic analysis of biofuel production from spent coffee grounds using supercritical ethyl acetate
(2026-03-01)
Supang, Wirasinee
;
Ngamprasertsith, Somkiat
;
Sakdasri, Winatta
;
Sawangkeaw, Ruengwit
This study is a techno-economic analysis of biodiesel production from spent coffee grounds (SCGs) using ethyl acetate as an extracting solvent and a reactant through interesterification under supercritical conditions—a process called SCEA. Aspen Plus V12 was employed to simulate the SCEA process compared to the conventional biodiesel production process. Both processes operated at an original feed rate of 24,225 tonnes per year, but the production capacities of the conventional and SCEA processes were 1000 tonnes per year and 1800 tonnes per year, respectively. Because of the simplicity of SCEA, the fixed capital investment costs were lower than those of the conventional process. However, at the original feed rate, neither process was profitable within a project lifetime of 20 years. The production capacity of SCEA was increased to 4 times, 8 times, and 16 times its original size to identify the most effective scale for the production facility. The SCEA process commenced successfully with a production capacity of 7500 tonnes per year, but the payback period of 19.5 years was deemed unsatisfactory. The production capacities of 15,000 tonnes per year and 30,000 tonnes per year provided the payback periods of 7.67 years and 6.08 years, respectively. Nonetheless, the 15,000-ton plant requires 193,798 tonnes SCGs per year as feedstock, which is 12 times the annual coffee production in Thailand. Hence, this project is well-suited for large coffee producers when utilizing SCGs as a singular feedstock. Combining other feedstocks, such as microalgae, non-edible seeds, and waste fruit seeds, with SCGs presents an optional pathway for future research on biodiesel production.
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Ethyl acetate as extracting solvent and reactant for producing biodiesel from spent coffee grounds: A catalyst- and glycerol-free process
(2022-07-01)
Supang, Wirasinee
;
Ngamprasertsith, Somkiat
;
Sakdasri, Winatta
;
Sawangkeaw, Ruengwit
Oil was extracted from spent coffee grounds (SCGs) using ethyl acetate at atmospheric pressure; then, the ethyl acetate–SCG oil mixture was reacted under supercritical conditions, which involve a catalyst-free process. Moreover, ethyl acetate reacted with glycerol to form triacetin, which dissolves in biodiesel and acts as a fuel additive. Using this approach, the solvent removal step and glycerol byproducts are eliminated. The highest fatty acid ethyl ester contents of 91.80 wt% ± 1.62 wt% and 86.44 wt% ± 2.12 wt%. were obtained under optimal conditions in batch and continuous reactors, respectively. Based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometric analysis, no trace of glycerol was detected and triacetin was yielded at 4.22 wt%. This novel process simultaneously minimizes the number of chemicals used and the amount of waste generated because it employs only dried SCGs and ethyl acetate as the feedstock.
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Supercritical reaction between methanol and glycerol: The effects of reaction products on biodiesel properties
(2021-12-01)
Sakdasri, Winatta
;
Ngamprasertsith, Somkiat
;
Saengsuk, Pongrawee
;
Sawangkeaw, Ruengwit
This work investigated the supercritical reaction between glycerol and supercritical methanol (SCM) in non-catalytic biodiesel production process. Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production that could react with SCM, producing glycerol ethers (GEs). Simultaneous conversion of triglycerides and glycerol in SCM is promising to reduce the glycerol surplus. These GEs are completely miscible with biodiesel and work as fuel enhancer. In a batch reactor, the glycerol reaction with SCM was investigated between 325 °C and 400 °C. The methanol-to-glycerol molar ratios and reaction time were varied from 3:1 to 9:1 and 8 min to 12 min, respectively. It was observed that the reactions of glycerol and SCM were etherification, dehydration, and thermal decomposition of glycerol. At molar ratios of 3:1 and 6:1, the temperature and reaction time significantly enhanced the glycerol conversion, especially by the thermal decomposition reaction. The increasing methanol-to-glycerol molar ratios reduced the overall glycerol conversion. The maximum glycerol conversion of 46.40% was observed at reaction temperature of 400 °C, methanol-to-glycerol molar ratio of 3:1, and reaction time of 12 min. Besides, the effects of GEs-to-neat biodiesel (B100) volumetric ratios on the fuel properties were investigated. The blending of GEs positively improved the viscosity and cloud point, whereas it had no impact on the heating value and flash point.

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