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Author: search.filters.author.Sakdasri, WinattaSubject: search.filters.subject.Glycerol

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    Supercritical reaction between methanol and glycerol: The effects of reaction products on biodiesel properties
    (2021-12-01)
    Sakdasri, Winatta
    ;
    Ngamprasertsith, Somkiat
    ;
    Saengsuk, Pongrawee
    ;
    Sawangkeaw, Ruengwit
    This work investigated the supercritical reaction between glycerol and supercritical methanol (SCM) in non-catalytic biodiesel production process. Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production that could react with SCM, producing glycerol ethers (GEs). Simultaneous conversion of triglycerides and glycerol in SCM is promising to reduce the glycerol surplus. These GEs are completely miscible with biodiesel and work as fuel enhancer. In a batch reactor, the glycerol reaction with SCM was investigated between 325 °C and 400 °C. The methanol-to-glycerol molar ratios and reaction time were varied from 3:1 to 9:1 and 8 min to 12 min, respectively. It was observed that the reactions of glycerol and SCM were etherification, dehydration, and thermal decomposition of glycerol. At molar ratios of 3:1 and 6:1, the temperature and reaction time significantly enhanced the glycerol conversion, especially by the thermal decomposition reaction. The increasing methanol-to-glycerol molar ratios reduced the overall glycerol conversion. The maximum glycerol conversion of 46.40% was observed at reaction temperature of 400 °C, methanol-to-glycerol molar ratio of 3:1, and reaction time of 12 min. Besides, the effects of GEs-to-neat biodiesel (B100) volumetric ratios on the fuel properties were investigated. The blending of GEs positively improved the viscosity and cloud point, whereas it had no impact on the heating value and flash point.
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    A review of supercritical technologies for lipid-based biofuels production: The glycerol-free processes
    (2021-01-01)
    Sakdasri, Winatta
    ;
    Komintarachat, Cholada
    ;
    Sawangkeaw, Ruengwit
    ;
    Ngamprasertsith, Somkiat
    Supercritical transesterification of lipid-based biomasses, a recent technique to produce biofuel without a catalyst, is discussed. This review focused on a glycerol-free process. The supercritical reactants include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate (ETA), and methyl tert-butyl ether. The by-products from the glycerol-free process can improve both the quantity and quality of the resultant biofuel. This review suggests that supercritical transesterification of lipid-based biomasses using ETA as a co-reactant can provide the most valuable advantages, as involves inexpensive and renewable resources, which are important for biofuel production and sustainability.
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    Effects of reactor loading and solvent addition on catalyst-free glycerolysis of palm oil
    (2021-01-01)
    Phichaion, Ittirit
    ;
    Sawangkaew, Ruengwit
    ;
    Sakdasri, Winatta
    ;
    Ngamprasertsith, Somkiat
    Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production. Every three moles of biodiesel produced, glycerol is released in one mole, which is around 10 wt.% of the total products. The crude glycerol from supercritical transesterification has a higher purity than that from alkaline transesterification. Monoglyceride is an anionic surfactant widely used in many applications. In this work, the glycerolysis reaction of palm oil and glycerol was studied using isopropanol as the solvent. The investigated important parameters in this study were reaction time in range of 30-150 minutes, reactor loading in range of 40-80 %, and molar ratio of isopropanol to glycerol to palm oil in range of 0-30. The glycerol to palm oil molar ratio was constant at 5 to 1. The results showed that parameters affected conversions and yields were reactor loading and solvent addition. The highest monoglyceride yield, 37.4%, was obtained at 260 °C in 150 minutes and 40 % of reactor loading. Molar ratio of glycerol to palm oil to isopropanol is 5:1:15. A central composite design (CCD) of 48 experiments investigated the effects on monoglyceride content (%MG) of temperature (220 to 260 °C), reaction duration (30 to 150 min), and molar ratio of IPA to palm oil (0:1 to 30:1). The %MG was substantially and statistically significantly enhanced (p < 0.0001) at higher temperatures and longer reaction duration. An analysis of variance confirmed that the molar ratio of IPA to palm oil had a much less significant effect (p = 0.0255) on %MG. The crude glycerol obtained from a biodiesel production plant was compared with pure glycerol at the optimal condition. A %MG of 46.58% was observed using crude glycerol as reactant because of the yield-limiting effects of water in crude glycerol.