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Author: search.filters.author.Seeboonruang, UmaSubject: search.filters.subject.Climate change

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    Impact of climate change on soil erosion in the lam phra phloeng watershed
    (2020-12-01)
    Sirikaew, Uba
    ;
    Seeboonruang, Uma
    ;
    Tanachaichoksirikun, Pinit
    ;
    Wattanasetpong, Jatuwat
    ;
    Chulkaivalsucharit, Virun
    Soil erosion plays a vital role in reducing reservoir capacity. The Lam Phra Phloeng (LPP) dams were built for flood protection and irrigation. However, they have experienced reservoir sedimentation, and the capacity of the reservoir has decreased. The surrounding soil surface was easily eroded and transported by heavy rainfall and surface runoff to streams and eventually into the reservoir. Understanding this soil erosion and sedimentation is necessary for preventing further decline of reservoir capacity and water management. This research aims to estimate long-term average annual soil erosion and predict sediment yield in the reservoir due to climate change. The methodology is determined soil loss parameters and sediment yield using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) with the Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR). The USLE and SDR methods differed from field data, with an average absolute error of 4.0%. The Global Climatic Model, Institute Pierre Simon Laplace-Climate Model version 5A (IPSL-CM5A-MR), with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, was downscaled and analyzed to forecast future rainfall in the watershed. The high intensity of rainfall contributed to higher soil erosion, in RCP 8.5. Interestingly, the high and very high-risk areas increased, but the moderate risk area declined, indicating that the moderate risk area should be a priority in land management. However, the heavy rainfall and high slope gradient led to a slight increase in the soil erosion in some areas because the land covers were evergreen and deciduous forest. The prediction of sediment yield was positively correlated with the intensity of rainfall in the central part of the watershed, because the rainfall and runoff led the sediment to the river and streams, indicating that the land cover should be managed to prevent capacity decline.
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    Distributions of groundwater age under climate change of thailand’s lower chao phraya basin
    (2020-12-01)
    Tanachaichoksirikun, Pinit
    ;
    Seeboonruang, Uma
    Groundwater is important for daily life, because it is the largest freshwater source for domestic use and industrial consumption. Sustainable groundwater depends on many parameters: climate change is one factor, which leads to floods and droughts. Distribution of groundwater age indicates groundwater velocity, recharge rate and risk assessment. We developed transient 3D mathematical models, i.e., MODFLOW and MODPATH, to measure the distributions of groundwater age, impacted by climate change (IPSL-CM5A-MR), based on representative concentration pathways, defined in terms of atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> concentration, e.g., 2.6 to 8.5, for the periods 2020 to 2099. The distributions of groundwater age varied from 100 to 100,000 years, with the mean groundwater age ~11,000 years, generated by climate led change in recharge to and pumping from the groundwater. Interestingly, under increasing recharge scenarios, the mean age, in the groundwater age distribution, decreased slightly in the shallow aquifers, but increased in deep aquifers, indicating that the new water was in shallow aquifers. On the other hand, under decreasing recharge scenarios, groundwater age increased significantly, both shallow and deep aquifers, because the decrease in recharge caused longer residence times and lower velocity flows. However, the overall mean groundwater age gradually increased, because the groundwater mixed in both shallow and deep aquifers. Decreased recharge, in simulation, led to increased groundwater age; thus groundwater may become a nonrenewable groundwater. Nonrenewable groundwater should be carefully managed, because, if old groundwater is pumped, it cannot be restored, with a detriment to human life.
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    GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY OF THAILAND’S LOWER CHAO PHRAYA BASIN
    (2020-01-01)
    Tanachaichoksirikun, Pinit
    ;
    Seeboonruang, Uma
    Since global warming effects water resources, especially, surface water sources, groundwater is an essential water source, when facing the critical drought. Groundwater is less sensitive than surface water because groundwater response is delayed. However, groundwater may face critical drought and shortage. Groundwater vulnerability is a tool to identify critical areas for maintaining water quantity and quality. The Fuzzy-Catastrophe-based DRASTIC model, drought persistence and several climate scenarios were combined to estimate the vulnerability on the confined aquifers of Thailand’s Lower Chao Phraya (LCP) basin. Thus, critical areas that may face groundwater shortage were identified. Our analysis predicted that most of the basin would have few effects on climate change. However, vulnerability maps showed that 5% of the basin may be critical areas that may show groundwater shortage, especially, drought persistent areas with low rainfall. Generated maps identify ‘hotspots’ and can help decisions on groundwater development and economic growth and aid planning policy.
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    Impact assessment of climate change on groundwater and vulnerability to drought of areas in Eastern Thailand
    (2016-01-01)
    Seeboonruang, Uma
    Apart from being an important natural water resource, groundwater serves as an alternative source of water supply during natural droughts. Groundwater nevertheless has been increasingly threatened by urbanization, industrialization, seasonal climate variability, and climate change. One of the long-term adverse impacts of climate change is an irreversible change in the precipitation intensity and pattern and subsequently a fluctuation in groundwater recharge and hence subsurface storage. In Thailand especially the eastern region of the country where droughts are perennial, reduced precipitation contributes to shortages of water supply in many agricultural areas and industrial estates in the region. The aims of this research are to identify hotspots and prioritize zones presently threatened by persistent droughts and whose subsurface systems are susceptible and vulnerable to climate change. Thus, exposure index is defined by the change of future rainfall from a GCM model, sensitivity index is assessed by a modified DRASTIC technique, and the adaptive capacity in this region is associated with the current occurrence of seasonal droughts. The exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity factors are combined and ranked through the straightforward overlay matrix technique. The results are presented in the form of hazard, impact and vulnerability maps with hotspots and are useful for better groundwater management and planning as well as policy decision-making.