DSpace-CRIS

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Leveraging advanced technologies and strategies for port cyber resilience: Strengthening incident response and recovery
(2025-11-01)
Senarak, Chalermpong
This study assesses incident response and recovery (IRR) tasks and their integration with smart technologies in port cybersecurity, with a focus on Laem Chabang Port (LCP), Thailand. Using the Delphi method, expert consensus was gathered to identify essential IRR tasks, challenges in their implementation, and smart technologies for improvement. The findings emphasize three key components for effective IRR: well-structured tasks, enhanced communication mechanisms, and the integration of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain. These technologies facilitate real-time monitoring, incident classification, and recovery coordination, thus enhancing both proactive and reactive cybersecurity measures. While the study focuses on LCP, its findings are applicable to ports globally, offering actionable insights for improving IRR frameworks, enhancing system integrity, and optimizing recovery efficiency. The study also highlights the need for transparent communication strategies and suggests the adoption of smart technologies to align with the global digital transformation of port operations. Future research should explore broader stakeholder involvement, comparative studies across ports, and empirical validation of smart technology effectiveness in real-world cybersecurity incidents.
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Toward sustainability and digital resilience: A circular economy cybersecurity framework for seaports
(2025-06-01)
Senarak, Chalermpong
This study investigates the integration of Circular Economy (CE) principles into cybersecurity practices at Laem Chabang Port (LCP) in Thailand, aiming to enhance resilience and sustainability within port operations. Employing the Delphi method to capture expert insights, the research examines key cybersecurity functions—identify, protect, detect, respond, and recover—while proposing strategies such as modular system design, eco-friendly materials, and collaborative frameworks. These approaches yield significant benefits, including operational efficiency, cost savings, and strengthened stakeholder cooperation, fostering a more sustainable cybersecurity environment. Notably, the deployment of modular detection systems and energy-efficient tools extends the lifecycle of technological assets, reducing environmental impact and aligning with CE objectives. However, the study identifies critical challenges, such as the reliability of eco-friendly materials, complexities in implementing modular systems, and data integrity risks in backup processes, emphasizing the need for robust planning and risk mitigation strategies. By proposing a balanced approach that prioritizes ecological sustainability alongside cybersecurity robustness, this research highlights the potential for ports to achieve energy savings. The study concludes by recommending the development of transferable frameworks to mitigate these risks and maximize CE benefits, positioning LCP and similar ports at the forefront of the smart port revolution.
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Port cyberattacks from 2011 to 2023: a literature review and discussion of selected cases
(2024-03-01)
Senarak, Chalermpong
Cyberattacks pose a significant threat to seaports worldwide. While numerous scholars have endeavored to address these threats, their findings are often limited in practicality, applying to only a few ports. This paper aims to contribute to the extant literature by presenting and discussing 15 case studies of port cyberattacks that occurred from 2011 to 2023. These cases encompass six instances in Europe, six in America, two in Asia, and one in Africa. The study employs a twofold methodology, consisting of a comprehensive literature review and a personal assessment. Several key insights emerge. First, two primary motivations drive port cyberattacks: (a) the demand for ransom payments and (b) the desire to cause severe disruptions. Second, ransomware was the most common threat used to extort payments, followed by malware and DDoS attacks, which aimed to inflict operational disruption. Third, weaknesses in cybersecurity procedures and a lack of awareness among staff members emerged as significant contributors to cyber vulnerabilities. Forth, ports that quickly detected threats and implemented response measures were able to minimize operational impacts, ensuring the swift resumption of services and the maintenance of service continuity. Fifth, collaborative efforts with external partners and officials expedited response and recovery processes by facilitating threat investigation and solution identification. In light of these findings, it becomes imperative for all ports to develop comprehensive cyber disaster management plans, covering four key phases: preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. These plans should encompass three critical aspects of cybersecurity hygiene: human factors, procedural improvements, and infrastructure enhancements. Such practices are instrumental in bolstering a port’s resilience and mitigating the risks associated with cyberattacks.

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