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Enhanced Photocatalytic and Biological Properties of Cellulose Cotton Fabric Coated with Carboxyethyl Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Bio-nanocomposite
(2025-09-01)
Ayu, Mutiara
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Siriphannon, Punnama
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Monvisade, Pathavuth
This study developed a CECS/ZnO-functionalized cotton fiber sheets as a single-use filter layer for face masks, with enhanced antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. Cotton fiber sheets were modified with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using a dip-coating method, with and without carboxyethyl chitosan (CECS) as a binder and stabilizing agent. The fiber sheets were treated with 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M Zn(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf> solutions, followed by hydrothermal synthesis in NH<inf>4</inf>OH (Zn:NH<inf>4</inf>OH = 1:2) at 100 °C for 1 h. The study successfully demonstrated ZnO NPs formation on cotton sheets, producing ZnO-immobilized cotton sheets (Cf/Zn). Higher Zn2⁺ concentrations promoted greater nucleation of ZnO nanoparticles. However, they also caused particle agglomeration, which reduced the surface area and weakened ZnO adhesion to the cotton fibers. This presents a significant challenge in achieving a uniform nanoparticle distribution. However, the introduction of carboxyethyl chitosan (CECS) (Cf/CECS/Zn) as a binder and stabilizer represents a novel approach that showed a superior ZnO adhesion, better particle distribution, and higher Zn content than untreated Cf/Zn. Among the samples, Cf/CECS/Zn0.1 exhibited the highest Zn content (154 ppm), the highest antibacterial zone diameter (29.39 mm), and the most effective photocatalytic activity (65.66%). While both Cf/Zn and Cf/CECS/Zn demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. aureus, Cf/CECS/Zn0.1 showed superior performance, with low cytotoxicity confirmed by Vero cell viability tests. The treated fibers also displayed enhanced hydrophobic and photocatalytic properties. These results demonstrate the potential of CECS-modified ZnO-immobilized cotton sheets for advanced healthcare filtration applications, offering enhanced antibacterial, photocatalytic, and non-toxic properties.
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Facile Preparation of Montmorillonite/Crosslinked Chitosan Containing Potassium Nitrate Nanocomposites as Eco-Friendly Slow Release Fertilizers
(2023-08-01)
Rukchonlatee, Suparat
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Siriphannon, Punnama
Montmorillonite/tripolyphosphate crosslinked chitosan containing potassium nitrate nanocomposites (MMT/CS-KNO3-TPP) were synthesized by facile incipient wetness impregnation method. The MMT was impregnated stepwise with a mixture of protonated chitosan and KNO<inf>3</inf>, followed by a TPP solution to ionically crosslink with chitosan, resulting in MMT/CS-KNO3-TPP nanocomposites. The initial quantity of KNO<inf>3</inf> to MMT was varied from 0 to 10, 20, and 30 wt%, and the TPP crosslinker was varied according to TPP:chitosan weight ratios of 0:5, 1:5, and 3:5. The resultant MMT/CS-KNO3-TPP nanocomposites composed of the K+ and NO<inf>3</inf>− ions embedded in crosslinked chitosan which intercalated in the MMT basal spacing and covered on MMT external surface. The structure of these nanocomposites could effectively slow the K+ and NO<inf>3</inf>− releases, with the 72- hours cumulative released values (%R) ranging from 20–34% for K+ to 0.4–1.0% for NO<inf>3</inf>−. The MMT/CS-KNO3-TPP nanocomposites with higher TPP concentration could extend the K+ and NO<inf>3</inf>− release times. Total K+ release times were predicted to be in the range of 128–204 days. The presence of MMT/CS-KNO3-TPP nanocomposites in RD43 rice cultivation could promote the growth of RD43 seedlings and roots. Furthermore, the TPP crosslinked chitosan showed physical changes in distilled water, indicating its potential as a long-term nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) source for plant nutrients.
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High Density Polyethylene/Calcium Silicate Hybrid Composite: Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Bioactivity
(2023-01-01)
Siriphannon, Punnama
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Rukchonlatee, Suparat
The high density polyethylene/calcium silicate (HDPE/CS) hybrid composites were prepared using a twin-screw extruder and shaped into test specimens using a compression molding machine. The CS loadings, limited to a total of 20 %vol, were incorporated in HDPE matrix. The morphological behavior, thermal behavior, mechanical properties and bioactivity of the composites were investigated and compared with the neat HDPE under identical conditions. It was found that poor dispersion of the CS particles was observed in the composites with high CS loadings because of only weak interaction between CS particles and HDPE. The percentage of HDPE crystallinity was insignificantly changed when adding CS particles in the HDPE/CS composites. The stiffness of the HDPE/CS hybrid composites was strongly improved and reached the maximum values of flexural and compressive moduli at 1190 MPa (35% greater than the neat HDPE) and 581 Ma (17% greater than the neat HDPE), respectively, with 15 % CS loading. The higher the CS loading, the greater the hardness of the HDPE/CS composites were seen. However, the flexural strength of the HDPE/CS composites (up to 15% CS loading) was not considerably altered. Moreover, both flexural and compressive properties were lowered with higher CS content (20%) due to the generated voids in the HDPE/CS composites. After soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 36.5°C for 7–49 days, the HDPE/CS composites could induce the formation of ball-like HA aggregates covering on the composite surface, indicating its bioactivity. This research successfully prepared HDPE/CS hybrid composites with fast rate bioactivity and their modulus and strength values were within those for human trabecular bone. Therefore, the HDPE/CS hybrid composites had potentially used as bioactive materials for medical applications.
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Montmorillonite/Tripolyphosphate Crosslinked Chitosan Nanocomposites for Eco-Friendly Agricultural Applications
(2023-01-01)
Siriphannon, Punnama
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Rungkron, Suthida
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Soetsom, Sunisa
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Sukyee, Suriya
Natural montmorillonite (MMT) was facilely impregnated with a mixed solution of protonated chitosan (CS) and KNO3, which was then subsequently impregnated with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) to ionically crosslink with chitosan, resulting in the MMT/xCS-20KNO3-TPP nanocomposites. The initial content of chitosan to MMT was varied from 2.5, 5 and 10 wt%, and while the TPP:chitosan weight ratio was kept at 1:5. The K+ and NO3- ions interacted ionically and were entrapped in the MMT basal spacing and the free volume of TPP crosslinked chitosan of the MMT/xCS-20KNO3-TPP nanocomposites. These nanocomposites were able to successfully prolong the K+ and NO3- releases, in which the cumulative released values (%R) ranging from 21 – 26 % for K+ and 0.37 – 0.65 % for NO3-. The presence of protonated amine in the chitosan played the dominant effect on the release profile of NO3- ion more than that of the K+ ion. The higher the chitosan content employed in the impregnation method, the more crosslinked chitosan structure in the MMT/xCS-20KNO3-TPP nanocomposites, resulting in decreased K+ and NO3-releases at each pre-determined soaking duration. The MMT/xCS-20KNO3-TPP nanocomposites have been considered as a promising choice for environmentally friendly fertilizers.
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Soft solution growth of magnetite-maghemite nanocrystals in crosslinked chitosan templates and their superparamagnetic properties
(2022-01-01)
Vaewbundit, Sukanda
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Siriphannon, Punnama
Crosslinked chitosan/iron oxide nanocomposites (CC/IO) were synthesized at low temperatures using aqueous systems, i.e. hydrothermal and refluxing methods. The CC templates derived from various concentrations of tripolyphosphate crosslinker were used as host materials. The Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions with 1:2 molar ratio were adsorbed into the CC templates by the swelling, allowing to form CC/Fe2+Fe3+ precursors. The CC/IO nanocomposites were created by treating the precursors in NaOH solution using hydrothermal and refluxing methods. The CC/IO nanocomposites contained magnetite-maghemite nanocrystals with quadrilateral shape of 10 − 14 nm embedded in the CC templates. Superparamagnetism was obtained in the CC/IO nanocomposites, which had maximum magnetization (M<inf>max</inf>) values ranging from 8.6 to 15.2 emu/g and coercivity and magnetic remanence values close to zero. The cell viability of CC/IO nanocomposites ranged from 80 to 89%, demonstrating high safety for mammal. The CC/IO nanocomposites were considered to be potential superparamagenetic candidates for alternative medical applications.
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Soft solution in situ synthesis of chitosan/iron oxide nanocomposites and their magnetic properties
(2021-06-30)
Vaewbundit, Sukanda
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Siriphannon, Punnama
Chitosan/iron oxide nanocomposites (CS/IO) were synthesized by using soft solution in situ synthesis. An aqueous mixture of iron(ii), iron(iii) and chitosan was added drop by drop to a solution of a sodium tripolyphosphate crosslinker with stirring for 30 min, resulting in in situ ionically crosslinked chitosan, with incorporated Fe2+ and Fe3+ (CS/Fe2+Fe3+). The CS/Fe2+Fe3+ precursors were then treated in alkaline solution by two different methods, i.e. hydrothermal and refluxing, where the Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions reacted to form quasi-spherical magnetite-maghemite nanocrystals in the constrained space of the crosslinked chitosan CS/IO nanocomposites. The pressurized hydrothermal system promoted the growth of iron oxide nanocrystals, leading to slightly larger crystallites (3.9-4.3 nm), compared to 3.9 nm from the refluxing system. The iron oxide crystallites also became smaller with increased crosslinking density of the chitosan matrix. The resultant CS/IO nanocomposites exhibited superparamagnetism with Mmax in the range of 9.6-15 emu g-1 and low coercivity and magnetic remanence. In addition, they showed high cell viability, 82-96%, indicating them as potential candidates for medical applications.
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Sphere-like and flake-like ZnO immobilized on pineapple leaf fibers as easy-to-recover photocatalyst for the degradation of congo red
(2021-04-01)
Deebansok, Siraprapha
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Amornsakchai, Taweechai
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Sae-Ear, Pannagorn
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Siriphannon, Punnama
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Smith, Siwaporn Meejoo
This work reports immobilization of ZnO photocatalyst on very fine pineapple leaf fiber (PALFs) by a by polyelectrolyte coating method, for the removal of colored pollutants from water stream, allowing for simple recovery after use. It also emphasizes on the effect of defect structure containing in ZnO of hierarchical sphere-like and flake-like morphologies on the color removal performance. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO/PALFs for degradation of congo red (CR) dye was examined under static (dark) and UV/visible irradiation conditions, and effective color removal (>95 %) was achieved, as the results of adsorption and photo-oxidation processes. Results from photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that the sphere-like ZnO, bearing zinc vacancies (VZn), zinc interstitials (Zni), singly ionized oxygen vacancies (Vo+), and oxygen vacancies (Vo), has superior photocatalytic activity up to 3.6 times compared to that of flake-like ZnO. With the recyclability up to 3 cycles (>84 % color removal efficiencies), the ZnO immobilized on PALFs have shown a great promise as an easy-to-recover photocatalyst for the removal of colored pollutants in wastewater treatment processes.
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Bioactive alginate/carrageenan/calcium silicate porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
(2021-03-01)
Sathain, Ammara
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Monvisade, Pathavuth
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Siriphannon, Punnama
Porous bioactive alginate/carrageenan/calcium silicate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering were fabricated. The scaffolds were prepared by dispersing the synthesized calcium silicate in an aqueous solution of alginate and carrageenan at 90 °C. The scaffolds were shaped by freeze-drying and further crosslinked by 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 M CaCl<inf>2</inf> for 60 and 120 min. The scaffolds crosslinked by 1.5 M CaCl<inf>2</inf> for 120 min achieved the highest in vitro dimension stability. The formation of hydroxyapatite crystals was observed on the scaffolds surface after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for 7–28 days, indicating in vitro bioactivity of the scaffolds. The presence of calcium silicate could enhance not only the bioactivity, but also the mechanical properties of the scaffolds comparable to the cancellous bone. Moreover, the dimension and mechanical properties of the wet scaffolds could recover to the original after four cycles of mechanical testing at 50 % strain. The scaffolds were nontoxic to human living cells, in which the in vitro drug release behavior of the scaffold using diclofenac as a model drug was suitable for the treatment of acute inflammation after surgery. Therefore, these scaffolds were considered to be the candidate materials for bone replacement.
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Cationic starch intercalated montmorillonite nanocomposites as natural based adsorbent for dye removal
(2021-02-01)
Lawchoochaisakul, Sirinan
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Monvisade, Pathavuth
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Siriphannon, Punnama
Cationic starch intercalated montmorillonite (Mt-CST) adsorbent was developed for the removal of basic dyes, namely, Basic Blue (BB66) and Basic Yellow (BY1) from aqueous solution. Cationic starches (CST) containing ammonium groups with the degree of substitution of 0.16 (CST1) and 0.69 (CST2) were successfully prepared from the reaction of low molar mass starch with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl) ammonium chloride. A series of Mt-CST nanocomposites were prepared by controlling the mass ratios of Mt:CST. Adsorption of BB66 and BY1 from aqueous solution onto Mt-CST was studied. The adsorption capacity increased with decreasing of cationic groups in the CST or increasing the mass ratios of Mt:CST. The results showed that the Mt-CST11 nanocomposite with the mass ratio of Mt:CST1 of 69: 31 exhibited relatively high adsorption capacities for basic dyes. The results of adsorption behaviors of BY1 on Mt-CST11 and Mt-CST21 indicated that the adsorption processes followed well the Langmuir isotherm.
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Adjustable thermal barrier of cotton fabric by multilayer immobilization of PCM nanocapsules
(2018-06-01)
Iamphaojeen, Yuwanda
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Siriphannon, Punnama
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) encapsulated n-octadecane nanocapsules (Cap+) were facilely immobilized on cationized cotton at ambient temperature by stepwise coating with poly-4-styrenesulfonic acid (PSS) binder and Cap+ nanocapsules via layer-by-layer technique. The negative molecules of PSS binder spontaneously attached on the cationized cotton and then acted as negative sites for further immobilization of positively charged Cap+ nanocapsules through electrostatic interaction. The increase of quantity of immobilized Cap+ nanocapsules could be obtained by increasing the number of PSS/Cap+ treatment cycles. The prolonged duration of thermoregulating action was obtained when increasing the quantity of Cap+ immobilized on the cotton fabric, resulting in the adjustable thermal barrier property of cotton fabric. The cotton sample immobilized with 5 cycles of PSS/Cap+ treatment exhibited the highest reduction of surface temperature, i.e. ~ 2.5 °C for longer than 10 min when the surrounding temperature was about 50 °C. In addition, this sample could retain about 77% of original quantity of immobilized Cap+ after 15 washing cycles. The facile polyelectrolyte assisted nanoencapsulation and immobilization of PCM nanocapsules on the cotton fabrics proposed in this study were effectively performed using low concentrations of non-toxic chemicals, in which they might be incorporated into the conventional fabric finishing system.

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