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Exploration of earthwormcast associated actinobacteria for plant growth promoting properties
(2023-01-01)
Ashok Kumar, S.
;
Karthiga, P.
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Rajalakshmi, G.
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Gopikrishnan, V.
;
Radhakrishnan, M.
Due to their wide varieties of chemicals with a variety of biological actions, earthworms, cast, and gut are potential sources of significant biotechnological interest. The finding new microorganisms in peculiar and uncharted habitats were investigated. Actinobacteria are exceptional makers of secondary metabolites and have a wide range of bioactive substances of economic significance. In the current investigation, actinobacteria from earthworm casting were isolated for their potential antibacterial capabilities. Earthworm cast from the Kanchipuram agricultural area had a total of 12 actinobacterial colonies. Human and plant pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Ralstonia solanacearum were tested against each actinobacterial cultures. The selected potential culture was examined for the presence of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Phosphate (P) solubilization, extracellular enzymes such as cellulase and amylase. For the promising active trains, optimization, characterization and taxonomy were carried out. Colonies with various morphologies were separated and subcultured for testing their activities. Six of the twelve isolates proved positive for antibacterial activity against one or more pathogens. Of the six isolates tested, strain EWCA 21 was chosen for further screening because it had the greatest effectiveness against tested pathogens. IAA, Phosphate (P) solubilization, and extracellular enzyme activities such amylase and cellulase were demonstrated in EWCA21. Carbon and nitrogen sources expressed an increase in activity and output during optimization. The putative strain was determined to be Streptomyces based on phenotypic analysis. The study concluded that the strain EWCA21 would be developed as a crucial resource for biofertilizer applications.
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Streptomyces mediated stimulation of defense related enzymes to increase the biocontrol resistance in Capsicum annuum L. Against Ralstonia solanacearum
(2021-09-01)
Kaari, M.
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Joseph, J.
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Manikkam, R.
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Venugopal, G.
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Soytong, K.
The present study evaluated the selected rhizosphere soil Streptomyces cultures for the stimulation of defense enzymes in Capsicum annuum L. against Ralstonia solanacearum. Among the seven Streptomyces strains evaluated for the promotion of plant growth in pot experiments, strain UP1A-1 showed highest shoot length (16.8 cm), root length (12.1 cm), fresh weight (7.61 gm) and dry weight (0.81 gm). Similarly, the maximum amount of total chlorophyll was observed in the chili plant treated with the strain UP1A-1 (1.9 mg g<sup>-1</sup>) and UT2A-30 (1.59 mg g<sup>-1</sup>). The Streptomyces strains UP1A-1 (88.8%), UP2A-9 (87.0%) and UT6A-57 (83.2%) showed maximum biocontrol efficacy against R. solanacearum. The maximum phenolic content was observed in the chili pepper plants treated with the strain UP1A-1 at 9 days after pathogen inoculation (DPI). Also the plant defense related enzymes peroxides (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) significantly increased in UP1A-1 treated chili pepper at 3 DPI and 6 DPI. It is also noticed that initially at 1 DPI all treatments showed least amount of POX and PPO, later increased at 3 DPI and 6 DPI but suddenly started decreasing at 9 DPI in chili pepper. In conclusion, the current pot experiment indicated that the Streptomyces sp. UP1A-1 exhibited the maximum chili pepper growth, good stimulation of defense related enzymes and disease reduction against bacterial wilt and it could be a promising PGP and Biocontrol agent for chilli pepper plants against R. solanacearum.
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A novel of bioprospecting of earthworm cast associated actinobacteria for its antimicrobial properties-Short communication
(2021-03-01)
Gopikrishnan, V.
;
Radhakrishnan, M.
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Joseph, J.
;
Abirami, B.
;
Manigundan, K.
Among bacteria, the actinobacteria are the most significant source of bioactive compounds and many industrially important by products in use today. The present study designed to isolate the actinobacteria from earthworm cast for its antimicrobial properties. Totally 56 actinobacterial colonies were isolated from earthworm cast of Kanchipuram agricultural area. Of which, 36 morphologically different colonies were isolated and identified which mostly belong to Streptomyces. In antimicrobial activity, among 36 isolates, 12 were showed antimicrobial activity against one or more tested human pathogens eg Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. So, the study revealed earthworm cast associated actinobacteria can be recorded as an imperative resource for bio-prospecting that could produce novel bioactive metabolites.
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Identification of biostimulant and microbicide compounds from Streptomyces sp. UC1A-3 for plant growth promotion and disease control
(2020-09-01)
Manigundan, K.
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Joseph, J.
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Ayswarya, S.
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Vignesh, A.
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Vijayalakshmi, G.
The plant growth promotion and antagonistic potential of Streptomyces against phytopathogens was assessed. Total fourteen Streptomyces strains were derived from rhizosphere soil of Capsicum annum (Chilli) from the agricultural fields in Udhagamandalam, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India. All strains were evaluated for plant growth promoting in vitro e.g. production of indole acetic acid, ammonia, siderophores, chitinase, cellulase, protease, amylase and inorganic phosphate solubilisation. In addition, antagonistic activity was also tested against Ralstonia solanacearum, Xandhomonas oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria sp., Macrophomina sp., and Magnaporthe oryzae. Further, bioactive compounds from the strain UC1A-3 was analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometric technique. Three strains showed the highest level to promote plant growth promoting and antagonistic activity especially the strain UC1A-3 revealed maximum level of seed germination and increased shoot and root length in Chilli plants. Totally, twenty-nine compounds were detected, most of which were aromatic compound derivatives. In particular, Phthalic acid (C<inf>8</inf>H<inf>6</inf>O<inf>4</inf>), Pentadecanoic acid (C<inf>15</inf>H<inf>30</inf>O<inf>2</inf>), i-Propyl 12-methyltetradecanoate (C<inf>18</inf>H<inf>36</inf>O<inf>2</inf>), l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2, 6- dihexadecanoate (C<inf>38</inf>H<inf>68</inf>O<inf>8</inf>), 1-Nonadecene (C<inf>19</inf>H<inf>38</inf>), 1-Heptacosanol (C<inf>27</inf>H<inf>56</inf>O) were reported as antimicrobial properties. Findings of the present study evidenced that Streptomyces strain UC1A-3 would be a promising candidate for agricultural crop improvement, since it has showed the potential in-vitro plant growth and biocontrol activities against the tested phytopathogens.

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