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Author: search.filters.author.Soytong, KasemSubject: search.filters.subject.Rice

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    Rhodospirillum centenum, a new growth stimulant and antagonistic bacteria against leaf spot of rice caused by Curvularia lunata
    (2020-01-01)
    Vareeket, Rungrat
    ;
    Soytong, Kasem
    The research objectives were to find Rhodospirillum spp. to promote plant growth and as antagonists to control leaf spot of rice. The results showed that rice var. RD41 and Pitsanulok 2 (PL2) had leaf spot caused by Curvularia lunata. R. centenum is gram negative, mobile cell motility and negative of gelatin activity test. SM41 and 61 showed glucose and lactose and/or sucrose fermentation activity, but SM72 and 92 were non-fermented activity. Isolates of R. centenum were antagonized C. lunata, a leaf spot pathogen. R. centenum expressed for ability to produce amylase, protease and lipase. R. centenum isolates SM41, SM61, SM72, and SM92 with C. lunata causing leaf spot and seed-borne fungus. In addition, the inoculated seeds var. RD 41 and Pitsanulok 2 (PL2) applied R. centenum 41, 61, 72 and 79 gave significantly better seed germination, shoot and root length. Isolate SM41 reduced disease incidence in rice var. RD41 which the disease index was on level 2 when the inoculated one was level 5. Isolate SM61 showed the disease index of level 2 but the inoculated control was level 5. It is the first report that R. centenum plays the role for growth stimulant and biological control agents against leaf spot of rice caused by C. lunata.
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    Biological control of brown leaf spot disease caused by Curvularia lunata and field application method on rice variety IR66 in Cambodia
    (2017-01-01)
    Tann, Huyly
    ;
    Soytong, Kasem
    Curvularia lunata was found to cause a serious rice brown leaf spot in Cambodia. This is the first report of brown leaf spot on rice in Cambodia. All isolates were tested for pathogenicity. Dual culture antagonistic tests showed that Chaetomium cupreum inhibited sporulation of C. lunata when compared to the control. In a pot experiment, C. cupreum significantly reduced the incidence of brown leaf spot caused by C. lunata. After application of a spore suspension of C. cupreum, Chaetomium-biofungicide and chemical fungicide (tebuconazole) to rice seedlings inoculated with C. lunata, the disease was reduced by 68.79 %, 75.80 % and 72.41 %, respectively. In a field trial, the chemical method gave the best results in all plant parameters, followed by the good agricultural practice (GAP) and organic methods. The chemical method gave the highest panicle/plant, panicle length, panicle weight, grain weight/plant which were different from the GAP and organic methods. The chemical method also gave the best results in filled grain panicle<sup>-1</sup>, unfilled grain panicle<sup>-1</sup>, grain weight plot<sup>-1</sup>, dry hay weight plot<sup>-1</sup>, biomass weight plot<sup>-1</sup> and harvest index, and was significantly better than the GAP and organic methods.
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    Bioformulations and nano product from Chaetomium cupreum CC3003 to control leaf spot of rice var. Sen Pidoa in Cambodia
    (2016-01-01)
    Tann, Huyly
    ;
    Soytong, Kasem
    Curvularia lunata was isolated from leaf spot of rice var. Sen Pidoa and tested for pathogenicity. Chaetomium cupreum CC3003 expressed antifungal activity against C. lunata in dual culture test. Hexane-crude extract, EtOAc-crude extract and methanol-crude extract from C. cupreum inhibited sporulation of C. lunata with ED<inf>50</inf> of 6.41, 0.83 and 7.81 μg/mL, respectively. Pot experiment revealed that plant heights in treated with a spore suspension of C. cupreum, bioformulation of C. cupreum, nano product from C. cupreum and tebuconazole were not significantly different when compared to the inoculated control. Disease reduction compared to the inoculated control from treatment with a spore suspension of Chaetomium, bioformulation of C. cupreum, nano product from C. cupreum and tebuconazole ranged between 41.66% to 58.33%. Field experiment indicated that chemical method was decreased leaf spots infection by 60%, followed by organic method (40%) and GAP methods (40%), respectively. The chemical and GAP methods were significantly higher in grain weight than the organic method when compared to the non-treated control. This is the first report using C. cupreum to control leaf spot of rice var. Sen Pidoa caused by C. lunata in Cambodia.