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    Item type:Publication,
    Surface Enhancement and Structure Formation of Metakaolin from Thailand Kaolin on the Various Calcination Temperature
    (2020-01-01)
    Tanwongwan, Worapak
    ;
    Wongkitikun, Thanapat
    ;
    Onpecht, Kobchai
    ;
    Srilai, Suphada
    ;
    Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
    The metakaolin was chosen as a starting material for the synthesis of the zeolite because it is high crystallinity, reactivity and purity of raw material. Kaolin from Thailand which was selected from 3 different sources including Ratchaburi, Lampang, and Uttaradit were using as starting materials for synthesis of metakaolin by calcination temperature of this study were chosen in the range of 500 to 1000 °C for 2 h. Calcination temperature is significantly affect crystalline size, function group, and configuration of metakaolin by the results which obtained from X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques were indicated that the best metakaolin was obtained from Uttaradit's kaolin which was calcined at 1000 <sup>o</sup>C for 2h by it shows the lowest impurities.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Synthesis of zeolite x from bentonite via hydrothermal method
    (2020-01-01)
    Srilai, Suphada
    ;
    Tanwongwan, Worapak
    ;
    Onpecth, Kobchai
    ;
    Wongkitikun, Thanapat
    ;
    Panpiemrasda, Kollayut
    Zeolite X were successfully synthesized from bentonite from Lopburi province, in Thailand using the two-step of hydrothermal method under optimum condition without calcination. The first step of hydrothermal were obtained at 200 ℃ for 3 h to remove unreacted impurity minerals such as quartz and muscovite. The secondary step of hydrothermal were obtained at 90 ℃ for 120 h for synthesis of zeolite X. The characterization of zeolite X were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The crystal structure of product was determined as zeolite X by XRD. The morphology of SEM images for zeolite X is octahedral shape. FTIR spectra are in accordance with the other characterization results.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Influence of crystallization time for synthesis of zeolite a and zeolite x from natural kaolin
    (2019-01-01)
    Srilai, Suphada
    ;
    Tanwongwan, Worapak
    ;
    Onpecth, Kobchai
    ;
    Wongkitikun, Thanapat
    ;
    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
    Zeolite A and zeolite X were successfully synthesized from natural kaolin from Lampang province using calcination and a two-step hydrothermal method. First, metakaolin was obtained by calcining the kaolin at 700 °C for 2 h. Hydrothermal experiments can be separated into two types, being high temperature and short time or lower temperature long time. For high temperature hydrothermal treatment, metakaolin was mixed with NaOH to form hydrous sodium aluminosilicate. This was dissolved in dilute HCl. After filtration, the pH was adjusted with deionized water to pH = 7. This formed an amorphous aluminosilicate gel. For low temperature and longtime hydrothermal treatment aluminosilicate gel was mixed with NaOH to form zeolite A and zeolite X. The optimum condition for the first step in the synthesis of zeolite A is high temperature and short time of hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 8 M at 200 °C for 3 hours. This is followed by low temperature and longtime of hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 1 M carried out at 90 °C for 72 hours. The optimum conditions for the first step of synthesis of zeolite X is the high temperature, short time hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 8 M at 200 °C for 3 hours and low temperature, longtime hydrothermal treatment with NaOH 1 M at 90 °C for 120 hours. The characterizations of zeolite A and zeolite X were carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
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    Item type:Publication,
    Influence of hydrothermal and calcination process on metakaolin from natural clay
    (2018-09-05)
    Srilai, Suphada
    ;
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
    ;
    Fuji, Masayoshi
    ;
    Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
    In this study, metakaolin was synthesized from natural clay from Lampang province via hydrothermal and calcination process. The hydrothermal process was studied at different temperature from 160°C, 180°C and 200°C for 4, 8 and 12 hours. The calcination process was studied at different temperature from 500 to 900°C for 2 hours. Regarding the characterization, physical morphology of resulting products was observed by scanning electron microscope showing that the surface of resulting product was enhanced its surface area with more roughness when the temperature was increased. Moreover, FT-IR spectroscopy was applied for the chemical structure analysis indicating that Lampang clay can be transformed into metakaolin using hydrothermal at 200°C for 8 hours followed by the calcination at 800°C and 900°C as well as through the most condition for this studied. The improvement of the surface area of metakaolin leads to high metal dispersion for catalytic activity of the catalyst.