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Author: search.filters.author.Suwor, P.Subject: search.filters.subject.breeding

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    Evaluation of processing tomato resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and detecting Ty-2 and Ty-3 resistance genes with SCAR-markers
    (2024-09-01)
    Earsakul, S.
    ;
    Pornsopin, N.
    ;
    Techawongstien, S.
    ;
    Lapjit, C.
    ;
    Jeeatid, N.
    Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is the major yield losing viral disease in both the vegetative and reproductive stages of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tomato for resistance to TYLCV and good agronomic traits. In this experiment, yield and yield components of 25 accessions were evaluated in field conditions and compared with one resistant and one susceptible cultivar during the dry season (October 2021-February 2022). The randomized complete block design with three replications and 10 plants of each was designed. The plant was inoculated with TYLCV by whitefly transmission, and the resistance genes (Ty-2 and Ty-3) were examined using two molecular markers. The result showed that three tomato accessions, i.e., KKU-T23157, KKU-T23160, and KKUT23164 were discovered to share the same resistance gene (Ty-2 and Ty-3) as the resistance check cultivar and showed disease responses ranging from resistance (R) to high resistance (HR). Moreover, all three accessions (KKU-T23157, KKU-T23160, and KKU-T23164) showed high yields and yield components, i.e., yield (3.18, 3.74, and 3.38 kg plant<sup>-1</sup>), fruit weight (137.14, 126.71, and 136.91 g fruit<sup>-1</sup>), firmness (5.00, 5.00, and 0.49 N), and the flesh thickness (8.53, 8.62, and 5.96 mm), respectively. This information will offer a supportive direction for tomato breeders to develop TYLCV-resistant cultivars.
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    Characterization of floral bud and anther development with stages of microspore in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum)
    (2023-01-01)
    Jaingulueam, T.
    ;
    Suwor, P.
    ;
    Saetiew, K.
    ;
    Tsai, W. S.
    ;
    Techawongstien, S.
    Anther culture can be used as a tool in breeding to shorten the time compared with the traditional method. Anther culture can produce double haploid plants quickly, hence saving cost and labor. The success of this technique depends on the use of microspores at optimum developmental stages. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the correlation between the day after flower formation (DAF), flower bud (FB) size, anther length, and microspore developmental stages in seven chili F1 hybrids. All parameters were observed at 0 to 10 DAF on three flowers per replication, three replications per cross. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between DAF and microspore developmental stages, with almost all crosses showing that 3 to 5 DAF correlated with the uninucleate stage. Moreover, a strong correlation was observed between petal/calyx ratio and the microspore developmental stages. However, we found overlapping stages of microspore in each stage and different cultivars showed a difference in FB size, anther length, and characteristics of anthers. Thus, for chili pepper, DAF could be used to effectively predict microspore development.
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    Gene actions of resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) of six F1 hybrid chili cultivars at the mature green fruit stage
    (2023-01-01)
    Sangarun, P.
    ;
    Suwor, P.
    ;
    Saetiew, K.
    ;
    Tsai, W. S.
    ;
    Techawongstien, S.
    Anthracnose is an economically important fungal disease affecting the yield and fruit quality of chili in the tropics. This study aimed to assess the anthracnose disease reaction in six hybrid chili pepper cultivars compared with their parental lines. Two male resistant lines were crossed with three commercial female parents by North Carolina mating design II. All chili genotypes were grown in the greenhouse in a randomized complete block design with three replications, 10 plants each. Five mature green fruit plant<sup>-1</sup> were harvested and inoculated with C. acutatum by using the microinjection method. ANT4 had smaller lesions than ANT10. Additionally, the F1-hybrids derived from ANT4 showed smaller disease lesions (7.47-9.82 mm) than on those derived from ANT10 (9.40-11.04 mm). However, the percentage heterosis of anthracnose disease traits in ‘Jindanil 80’ (JD) and ANT4 gave the lowest value to other parents. Hybrid JD × ANT4 showed the lowest anthracnose lesion size. However, the heterosis of cross the NM × ANT10 was the most negative at -43.68. The mode of gene action was found to be additive rather than involving dominant effects, with a narrow-sense heritability of 50.9% and broad sense heritability of 70.1%. Therefore, the resistant parent ANT4 cultivar is crucial for use as a resistant elite line for producing good F1 hybrid tolerance to anthracnose disease.